查看Ch75 Dermatological Pharmacology的源代码

=== Coal tar (煤焦油) ===

煤焦油是煤的蒸馏产物，是 10,000 多种化合物的混合物。它在皮肤病学中主要用于治疗<b style=color:#f80>炎症性皮肤病</b>，例如<b style=color:#0b0>牛皮癣、脂溢性皮炎和特应性皮炎</b>或其他形式的<b>湿疹性皮炎</b>。<b style=color:#e00>作用机制尚不清楚</b>，尽管已知它会抑制 DNA 合成。煤焦油具有抗炎、抗菌和止痒活性。此外，它在 UVA 和 330 至 550 nm 波长之间的可见光谱中具有光敏作用。多种配方和产品可在市场上或通过复合获得，包括含有粗煤焦油、煤焦油提取物或煤焦油溶液的配方和产品（Sandhu 和 Schwartz，2011 年）。煤焦油溶液，也称为 Liquor carbonis detergens，是煤焦油的醇提取物，用聚山梨酯 80 乳化，以产生更美观的产品。煤焦油可与 UVB 光疗（例如 Goeckerman 方案）、局部水杨酸或局部皮质类固醇联合使用。煤焦油产品通常因其难闻的气味、凌乱和可能弄脏衣服而被患者耐受。它还可引起毛囊炎或刺激性接触性皮炎。尽管煤焦油的职业暴露与恶性肿瘤（例如阴囊癌）有关，但接受局部煤焦油产品治疗的银屑病或特应性皮炎患者患癌症的风险并未增加（Menter 等人，2009a）。

Coal tar is a distillation product from coal, a mixture of over 10,000 compounds. It is used in dermatology primarily for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis or other forms of eczematous dermatitis. The mechanism of action is unknown, although it is known to suppress DNA synthesis. Coal tar has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antipruritic activity. In addition, it has a photosensitizing effect within the UVA and visible light spectrum between wavelengths of 330 and 550 nm. Multiple formulations and products are available commercially or through compounding, including those containing crude coal tar, coal tar extracts, or coal tar solution (Sandhu and Schwartz, 2011). Coal tar solution, also known as liquor carbonis detergens, is an alcohol extract of coal tar emulsified with polysorbate 80 to yield a more cosmetically acceptable product. Coal tar may be used in combination with UVB phototherapy (e.g., Goeckerman regimen), topical salicylic acid, or topical corticosteroids. Coal tar products are often poorly tolerated by patients due to its unpleasant odor, messiness, and potential for staining of clothing. It can also cause folliculitis or irritant contact dermatitis. Although occupational exposures to coal tar have been associated with malignancies (e.g., scrotal cancer), patients with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis who are treated with topical coal tar products have not exhibited increased risk of cancer (Menter et al., 2009a).

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