查看Ch12 Physiology of Neurons的源代码

=== 神经元接收、组合、转换、存储和发送信息 ===
<b style=color:#0ae>Neurons receive, combine, transform, store, and send information</b>

Neurons have arguably the most complex job of any cell in the body. Consequently, they have an elaborate morphology and physiology. Each neuron is an intricate computing device. A single neuron may receive chemical input from tens of thousands of other neurons. It then combines these myriad signals into a much simpler set of electrical changes across its cellular membrane. The neuron subsequently transforms these ionic transmembrane changes according to rules determined by its particular shape and electrical properties and transmits a single new message through its axon, which itself may contact and inform hundreds of other neurons. Under the right circumstances, neurons also possess the property of memory; some of the information coursing through a neuron’s synapses may be stored for periods as long as years.

神经元可以说是体内任何细胞中最复杂的工作。因此，它们具有复杂的形态和生理学。每个神经元都是一个复杂的计算设备。单个神经元可以接收来自数以万计的其他神经元的化学输入。然后，它将这些无数信号组合成一组更简单的细胞膜电变化。神经元随后根据其特定形状和电特性决定的规则转换这些离子跨膜变化，并通过其轴突传递一条新信息，轴突本身可以接触并通知数百个其他神经元。在适当的情况下，神经元也具有记忆的特性;通过神经元突触传输的一些信息可以存储长达数年。


This general scheme of neuronal function applies to most neurons in the vertebrate nervous system. However, the scheme is endlessly variable. For example, each region of the brain has several major classes of neurons, and each of these classes has a physiology adapted to perform specific and unique functions. In this chapter, the general principles of neuronal function are outlined, and the almost unlimited variability contained within the general schema is discussed.

这种神经元功能的一般方案适用于脊椎动物神经系统中的大多数神经元。然而，这个方案是无穷无尽的。例如，大脑的每个区域都有几大类神经元，每类神经元都有适应于执行特定和独特功能的生理学。在本章中，概述了神经元功能的一般原理，并讨论了一般图式中包含的几乎无限的可变性。

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