查看Ch15.4 Sensor Transduction - Pain的源代码

== 皮肤中的各种感觉末梢传导机械、热和化学刺激 ==
<b style=color:#0ae>A variety of sensory endings in the skin transduce mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli</b>


To meet a wide array of sensory demands, many kinds of specialized receptors are required. Somatic sensory receptors range from simple bare nerve endings to complex combinations of nerve, muscle, connective tissue, and supporting cells. As we have seen, the other major sensory systems have only one type of sensory receptor or a set of very similar subtypes.

为了满足广泛的感觉需求，需要多种专门的受体。躯体感觉受体的范围从简单的裸露神经末梢到神经、肌肉、结缔组织和支持细胞的复杂组合。正如我们所看到的，其他主要的感觉系统只有一种类型的感觉受体或一组非常相似的亚型。


'''Mechanoreceptors''', which are sensitive to physical distortion such as bending or stretching, account for many of the somatic sensory receptors. They exist throughout our bodies and monitor the following: physical contact with the skin, blood pressure in the heart and vessels, stretching of the gut and bladder, and pressure on the teeth. The transduction site of these mechanoreceptors is one or more unmyelinated axon branches. Our progress in understanding the molecular nature of mechanosensory transduction has been relatively slow. Similar to the transduction process in hair cells, that in cutaneous mechanoreceptive nerve endings probably involves the gating of ion channels. Some of these channels belong to the TRP superfamily (see Table 6-2, family No. 5).

机械感受器对弯曲或拉伸等物理变形敏感，占躯体感觉受体的许多。它们存在于我们的身体中，监测以下内容：与皮肤的物理接触、心脏和血管中的血压、肠道和膀胱的伸展以及牙齿的压力。这些机械感受器的转导位点是一个或多个无髓轴突分支。我们在理解机械感应转导的分子性质方面的进展相对较慢。与毛细胞中的转导过程类似，皮肤机械感受神经末梢的转导过程可能涉及离子通道的门控。其中一些通道属于 TRP 超家族（参见表 6-2，家族 5）。


'''Thermoreceptors''' respond best to changes in temperature, whereas chemoreceptors are sensitive to various kinds of chemical alterations. In the next three sections, we discuss mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and chemoreceptors that are located in the skin.

温度感受器对温度变化反应最好，而化学感受器对各种化学变化敏感。在接下来的三节中，我们将讨论位于皮肤中的机械感受器、热感受器和化学感受器。

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