查看犬血管肉瘤的治疗：2000 年及以后的源代码

== 新型输送系统 (Novel Delivery Systems) ==

对 HSA 转移行为的理解促使设计了针对预防转移的方案。许多患有 HSA 的狗死于肺部和腹腔内转移性疾病。针对常见转移部位的额外局部化疗可能有可能延缓转移并延长生存期[28]。

An understanding of the metastatic behavior of HSA has prompted the design of protocols tailored to the prevention of metastases. Many dogs with HSA die of pulmonary and intra-abdominal metastatic disease. Additional locally delivered chemotherapy aimed at common metastatic sites may have the potential to retard metastasis and prolong survival[28]


吸入化疗是旨在抑制肺部微转移的一种策略。吸入化疗的疗效和安全性研究已在几只患有脾脏 HSA 的狗中进行[28] 脾切除术后，狗每 3 周接受 4 个周期的多柔比星和环磷酰胺以及吸入阿霉素。吸入式阿霉素是一种新开发的制剂，通过专门设计的气溶胶装置给药。在第 4 个周期完成后进行 X 光检查和腹部超声检查，此后每 2 个月进行一次。对数据的中期分析表明，该方案可能是有效的，并且没有注意到由于同时全身性多柔比星化疗而增加的毒性[28]。

Inhalation chemotherapy is 1 strategy aimed at inhibiting pulmonary micrometastasis. Efficacy and safety studies with inhalation chemotherapy have been performed in several dogs with splenic HSA.28 After splenectomy, dogs received 4 cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide every 3 weeks in conjunction with inhaled doxorubicin. The inhaled doxorubicin was a newly developed formulation that was administered via a specially designed aerosol device. Radiographs and abdominal ultrasound were performed after the completion of the 4th cycle and every 2 months thereafter. Interim analysis of data suggests that this protocol may be efficacious and no increase in toxicity due to concurrent systemic doxorubicin chemotherapy has been noted[28]


空间稳定脂质体是含有一小部分膜糖脂或其他表面稳定剂的脂质体，可作为硬脂屏障外膜[29] 该制剂导致单核细胞吞噬系统的摄取减少，从而延长了肿瘤对药物的暴露[29] 聚乙二醇化脂质体包封的多柔比星是一种独特的多柔比星递送系统[29] Doxil 已在患有多种恶性肿瘤的狗中进行了评估， 包括 HSA，与阿霉素相比，具有增强的杀瘤作用、降低的心脏毒性和持续的药物血液水平[29,30]。

Sterically stabilized liposomes are liposomes containing a small fraction of membrane glycolipid or other surface stabilizer that acts as a stearic barrier outer membrane.29 This formulation results in decreased uptake by the monocytic phagocytic system thereby prolonging tumor exposure to the drug.29 Pegylated liposomal-encapsulated doxorubicina is a unique doxorubicin delivery system.29 Doxil has been evaluated in dogs with a variety of malignancies, including HSA, and has enhanced tumoricidal effects, decreased cardiotoxicity, and sustained drug blood levels compared to doxorubicin.29,30


腹腔是 HSA 患者转移性肿瘤扩散的另一个常见部位[31] 腹腔转移的一种方法是腔内给予化疗药物，如顺铂或卡铂。32 正在研究腹腔内卡铂对明显腹腔转移性 HSA 狗的疗效（后，个人交流）。然而，由于卡铂的组织扩散和渗透能力低于顺铂，因此卡铂不太可能提高对HSA的疗效[33,34]。

The abdominal cavity is another common site of metastatic tumor spread in HSA patients.31 One approach to abdominal metastases is the intracavitary administration of chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin or carboplatin. The use of intracavitary cisplatin has been described in dogs with various intra-abdominal tumors.32 The efficacy of intra-abdominal carboplatin in dogs with overt abdominal metastatic HSA is being investigated (Post, personal communication). However, because carboplatin has less tissue diffusion and penetration ability than cisplatin, carboplatin is unlikely to have improved efficacy against HSA.33,34

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