查看犬血管肉瘤的治疗：2000 年及以后的源代码

== 免疫调节剂 (Immunomodulators) ==

与化疗联合使用的生物反应调节剂可有效治疗犬 HSA [35,36] 胞壁酰三肽-磷脂酰乙醇胺（MTP-PE）是胞壁酰二肽（MDP）的亲脂性衍生物，MDP 是一种合成分子，类似于各种细菌的肽聚糖细胞壁的片段。MDP 和 MTP-PE 都'''可以非选择性地将巨噬细胞谱系的细胞激活到杀瘤状态'''，并且两者都可以封装在脂质体中以达到最佳药物递送状态。


脂质体包封的 MTP-PE（L-MTP-PE）与化疗一起给药时，可增加犬骨肉瘤 (osteosarcoma) 患者的无病间隔和生存时间[35] LMTP-PE 也已与 HSA 狗的化疗联合评估[35] 在 1 项研究中，32 只患有脾 HSA 的狗，脾切除患者被分为 2 个治疗组[35] 一组每隔 3 周给予阿霉素和环磷酰胺（AC），进行 4 次治疗，以及每周两次的 L-MTP-PE，持续 8 周。对照组接受 AC 和安慰剂（空脂质体）。AC 和 LMTP-PE 联合治疗组的中位生存时间为277天，明显优于仅接受 AC 治疗的组（143 天）。使用 AC 和 L-MTP-PE 组合的生存时间也与先前报道的长春新碱、多柔比星和环磷酰胺（187 天）或 AC（178 天）等方案的生存时间相比有利[24,25] L-MTP-PE 在受 HSA 影响的狗中几乎没有发表额外的研究。对 L-MTP-PE 缺乏持续的研究兴趣可能是由于用于兽医的特定脂质体系统的供应有限以及产品的高成本。在未来几年内，可能会有更新、更具成本效益的脂质体递送系统问世。


Biologic response modifiers used in combination with chemotherapy are efficacious in the treatment of canine HSA.35,36 Muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE) is a lipophilic derivative of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a synthetic molecule that resembles a fragment of the peptidoglycan cell wall of various bacteria. Both MDP and MTP-PE can nonselectively activate cells of macrophage lineage into a tumorcidal state, and both can be encapsulated in liposomes for optimal drug delivery.

Liposome-encapsulated MTP-PE (L-MTP-PE), when given with chemotherapy, increases disease-free interval and survival time in canine osteosarcoma patients.35 LMTP-PE has also been evaluated in conjunction with chemotherapy in dogs with HSA.35 In 1 study of 32 dogs with splenic HSA, splenectomized patients were divided into 2 treatment groups.35 One group was administered doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) at 3-week intervals for 4 treatments as well as L-MTP-PE twice weekly for 8 weeks. The control group received AC and placebo (empty liposomes). The median survival time for the AC and LMTP-PE combination group was 277 days, which was significantly better than for the group receiving only AC (143 days). Survival times using AC and L-MTP-PE in combination also compared favorably to previously reported survival times with protocols such as vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (187 days) or AC (178 days).24,25 Little additional research with L-MTP-PE in dogs affected with HSA has been published. The lack of ongoing research interest in L-MTP-PE may be due to the limited supply of the specific liposome system for veterinary use and the high cost of the product. Newer and more cost-effective liposomal delivery systems may become available within the next few years.

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