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PCI 结构概述 - 版本历史
2026-09-11T06:15:58Z
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Comcat：/* PCI 设备寻址 */
2017-10-30T03:52:34Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">PCI 设备寻址</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←上一版本</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">2017年10月30日 (一) 03:52的版本</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第49行：</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">第49行：</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>0, 1, 2, 3 则为功能号，其皆属于 0a 这个设备，则 IDE, USB, Power 皆在同一 PIIX4 桥内</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>0, 1, 2, 3 则为功能号，其皆属于 0a 这个设备，则 IDE, USB, Power 皆在同一 PIIX4 桥内</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><br><br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><br><br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== 调试技巧 ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=== 初始化时让 Kernel 忽略某些设备 ===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">即让该设备不参与 ioport, iomem 及 irq 资源的分配</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">常用于资源冲突时，排除该设备的影响</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">具体的，只要修改 pci_scan_device() 这个函数（位于 drivers/pci/probe.c）的行为，在 pci_setup_device() 之前 return 一个空指针即可，如要忽略所有 Intel 的 PCI 设备，则：</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><source lang=cpp></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">if (0x8086 == (l & 0xffff))</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">    return NULL;</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></source></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">l & 0xffff 所得即为设备的 Vendor ID，0x8086 为 Intel PCI 设备的 Vendor ID</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">再如忽略一个 Intel 的、Device ID 为 0x7113 的设备：</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><source lang=cpp></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">if ( (0x8086 == (l & 0xffff)) && (0x7113 == ((l >> 16) & 0xffff)) )</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">    return NULL;</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></source></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=== 初始化时拒绝 Kernel 重新分配的 ioport, iomem, irq 等 resource ===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">即使用 bootloader 已经为该设备分配的 resource</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PCI 子系统在读取设备配置空间的 ioports, iomem 等 resource 后，会调用 pci_bus_alloc_resource() 为之从内核的 resource 里分配，尔后通过调用 pci_update_resource() 将新分配的 resource 写入设备的配置空间寄存器</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">因此只要在 pci_bus_alloc_resource() 之前直接返回即可，这个需要修改 __pci_assign_resource() 这个函数，其位于 drivers/pci/setup-res.c</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">即，修改后的 __pci_assign_resource() 为：</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><source lang=cpp></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">static int __pci_assign_resource(struct pci_bus *bus, struct pci_dev *dev,</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">int resno)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">    struct resource *res = dev->resource + resno;</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">    resource_size_t size, min, align;</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">    int ret;</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">    if(dev->vendor == 0x1022) </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">        return 0;</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">......</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">......</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></source></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">对于 irq 资源的分配干预，则将 pcibios_init() 中的 pci_fixup_irqs() 注去即可，pcibios_init() 位于 arch/mips/pci/pci.c</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>
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http://wiki.jackslab.org/index.php?title=PCI_%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&diff=3122&oldid=prev
Comcat：以“== 概述 == 虽 PCI 设计时与体系结构无关，但笔者还是愿意聊聊在非 x86 体系上 PCI 的细节 PCI 全称 Peripheral Component Interconnect，...”为内容创建页面
2014-11-11T05:04:30Z
<p>以“== 概述 == 虽 PCI 设计时与体系结构无关，但笔者还是愿意聊聊在非 x86 体系上 PCI 的细节 PCI 全称 Peripheral Component Interconnect，...”为内容创建页面</p>
<p><b>新页面</b></p><div>== 概述 ==<br />
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虽 PCI 设计时与体系结构无关，但笔者还是愿意聊聊在非 x86 体系上 PCI 的细节<br />
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PCI 全称 Peripheral Component Interconnect，本地话叫外围设备互联，顾名思义，其就是用于连接外设的，比如声卡、网卡等<br />
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现代 CPU 的速度都远远快于外围设备，这个速度间的不匹配就需要一个“连接器”（桥，Bridge）来缓冲一下。因此 CPU 都是直接和一个主桥相联，这个主桥下就是 0 号 PCI 总线。（MIPS 和主桥间是通过 64 bit SysAD 总线，在 x86 上是通过前端总线相联）。下图就是早期福珑迷你 PC 的框图：<br />
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[[文件:Fulong.board.arch.png]]<br />
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上图的 North Bridge 就是一个 PCI 主桥，由此引出的总线就是 0 号 PCI 总线。可以看到 PCI Bus 0 上挂了一个 7000M 的显卡，一个 8139 的网卡，一个 NEC USB 2.0 的芯片以及一个 VIA 的南桥。<br />
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再看一个 MIPS 公司的 malta 评估板的框图：<br />
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[[文件:Malta.board.arch.jpg]]<br />
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该评估板广泛用于 MIPS 公司自己的 MIPS Core 的评估，4K，5K，24K，34K 系列皆用该板，只是 Core 不一样而已。<br />
<br />
Malta 这个主桥也是通过 SysAD 总线和 CPU 相联，不过他还把内存控制器放到了这个主桥内。出来的 PCI Bus 0 也是挂了一个 AMD 的网卡，一个 Crystal 的声卡，还有一个 Intel PIIX4E 的南桥。<br />
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== PCI 设备寻址 ==<br />
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PCI 设备由一个 8 bit 的总线号，一个 5 bit 的设备编号以及一个 3 bit 的功能编号来标识<br />
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因此一个主桥下最多拥有 256 个总线，这个对大型系统上而言是不够的，为此 Linux 引入 PCI 域的概念，每个 PCI 域可拥有 256 个总线，而每个总线可有 32 个设备，每个设备则可以是多功能板（如音频设备加 CD-ROM 驱动器，最多 8 个功能）。所以每个功能都可以用一个 16 bit 的值来标识，该值用作 PCI 总线内设备的唯一地址<br />
<br />
例如在 Malta 板上，lspci 则有如下输出：<br />
<br />
<source lang=bash><br />
0000:00:00.0 Galileo GT64xxx Bridge(0x11ab/0x4620)<br />
0000:00:0a.0 Intel PIIX4 Bridge (0x8086/0x7110)<br />
0000:00:0a.1 Intel PIIX4 IDE (0x8086/0x7111)<br />
0000:00:0a.2 Intel PIIX4 USB (0x8086/0x7112)<br />
0000:00:0a.3 Intel PIIX4 Power (0x8086/0x7113)<br />
0000:00:0b.0 AMD PCNET32 ethernet (0x1022/0x2000)<br />
0000:00:0c.0 Crystal sound card (0x1013/0x6005)<br />
</source><br />
<br />
0000 即为 PCI 域<br />
<br />
00 则为 PCI Bus 号<br />
<br />
00, 0a, 0b, 0c 则为设备号<br />
<br />
0, 1, 2, 3 则为功能号，其皆属于 0a 这个设备，则 IDE, USB, Power 皆在同一 PIIX4 桥内<br />
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