2024年6月16日 (日) 15:25的版本

1 摘要

An adult mixed-breed dog was presented for 1-day history of anorexia and cough. Thoracic radiographs revealed moderate generalized cardiomegaly with globoid-shaped cardiac silhouette and mild bilateral pleural effusion.

一只成年混种犬因厌食和咳嗽 1 天病史而就诊。胸片显示中度全身性心脏扩大，伴有球状心脏轮廓和轻度双侧胸腔积液。

Echocardiography showed mild tamponating pericardial effusion and diffuse severe thickened pericardium.

超声心动图显示轻度心包积液和弥漫性重度心包增厚。

Complete blood count and blood chemistry at presentation were not specific.

就诊时的全血细胞计数和血化成分不具有特异性。

A coagulation profile was completed and showed severe prolongation of prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time.

完成凝血功能检查，显示凝血酶原时间和部分凝血活酶时间严重延长。

Intravenous therapy with vitamin K was started at 5mg/kg BID and on follow-up echocardiography performed 12 hours later there was evidence of complete regression of the pericardial thickening and pericardial effusion.

以 5mg/kg BID 开始静脉注射维生素 K 治疗，12 小时后进行随访超声心动图检查，有证据表明心包增厚和心包积液完全消退。

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report describing severe pericardial thickening, constrictive pericarditis, and cardiac tamponade secondary to spontaneous anticoagulant-induced hemopericardium in dogs. 据作者所知，这是第一份描述严重心包增厚、缩窄的病例报告狗自发性抗凝血诱发的心包炎和心包填塞。

Pericardial effusions are well described in dogs; however, their association with rodenticide intoxication in the canine population is not widely described.

心包积液在狗中得到了很好的描述;然而，它们与犬类种群中杀鼠剂中毒的关联尚未得到广泛描述。

2 病例详细描述

A 2-year-old female indoor spayed mixed-breed dog was initially presented to her veterinarian for a 1-day history of anorexia and cough. The owners did not report history of exposure to rodenticides. The dog presented muffled heart sounds and thoracic radiographs revealed moderate globoid enlargement of the cardiac silhouette [vertebral heart score (VHS) of approx. 13], mild bilateral pleural effusion, and mild retraction of the lung lobes. Complete blood count (CBC) and chemistry panel at presentation were unremarkable [red blood count (RBC) 6.1 ×1012/l, reference range: 5.65–8.87×1012/l; Hct 39.4%, reference range: 37.3%–61.7%; Hgb 16.3 g/dl, reference range: 13.1–20.5 g/dl; white blood count (WBC) 11.7 × 109/l, reference range: 6–16.9×109/l; and segmented neutrophils 7.4 × 109/l, reference range: 2.8–10.5 × 109/l]. Platelet count (PLT) was within normal limits at 212 × 109 /l (reference range: 175–500 × 109/l). The chemistry panel revealed mild hyperglycemia (145 mg/dl, reference range: 60–110mg/dl), mild hypoalbuminemia 2.4 g/dl (reference range: 2.5–4.4 g/dl) and hypoglobulinemia 1.7 g/dl (reference range: 2.3–5.2 g/dl). CBC and chemistry data at presentation are reported in Table 1.

一只 2 岁的雌性室内绝育混种狗最初因厌食和咳嗽 1 天病史而被送往兽医处。业主没有报告接触杀鼠剂的历史。这只狗表现出低沉的心音，胸片显示心脏轮廓中度球状肿大 [椎体心脏评分 （VHS） 约为 13]，轻度双侧胸腔积液和肺叶轻度回缩。就诊时全血细胞计数 （CBC） 和生化检查无明显异常 [红细胞计数 （RBC） 6.1 ×1012/l，参考范围：5.65–8.87×1012/l;Hct 39.4%，参考范围：37.3%–61.7%;Hgb 16.3 g/dl，参考范围：13.1–20.5 g/dl;白细胞计数 （WBC） 11.7 × 10^9/l，参考范围：6–16.9×10^9/l;和分段中性粒细胞 7.4 × 10^9/L，参考范围：2.8–10.5 × 10^9/l]。血小板计数 （PLT） 在 212 × 10^9 /l 时在正常范围内（参考范围：175-500 × 10^9/l）。生化检查显示轻度高血糖（145 mg/dl，参考范围：60-110mg/dl）、轻度低白蛋白血症 2.4 g/dl（参考范围：2.5-4.4 g/dl）和低球蛋白血症 1.7 g/dl（参考范围：2.3-5.2 g/dl）。表1报告了就诊时的全血细胞计数和化学数据。