Ch10 Organization of the Nervous System

2024年12月11日 (三) 18:25的最后版本

神经系统组织

本页英文内容取自：经典教材医学生理学（第三版） (Medical Physiology, 3rd Edtion, Walter F Boron, published in 2016)

中文内容由 BH1RBH (Jack Tan) 粗糙翻译

蓝色 【注】 后内容为 BH1RBH (Jack Tan) 所加之注释

[编辑] 1 Overview

[编辑] 1.1 神经系统可分为中枢神经系统、外周神经系统和自主神经系统

The nervous system can be divided into central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems

[编辑] 1.2 神经系统的每个区域都有独特的神经细胞和不同的功能

Each area of the nervous system has unique nerve cells and a different function

[编辑] 2 神经系统的细胞

CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

[编辑] 2.1 神经元学说首先断言，神经系统由许多单独的信号单元组成——神经元

The neuron doctrine first asserted that the nervous system is composed of many individual signaling units—the neurons

[编辑] 2.2 神经细胞有四个特殊区域：细胞体、树突、轴突和突触前末梢

Nerve cells have four specialized regions: cell body, dendrites, axon, and presynaptic terminals

[编辑] 2.3 细胞骨架有助于分隔神经元，并提供物质在神经元的不同部分之间移动的轨迹

The cytoskeleton helps compartmentalize the neuron and also provides the tracks along which material travels between different parts of the neuron

[编辑] 2.4 神经元可以根据它们的轴突投射、树突几何形状和从细胞体发出的过程数量进行分类

Neurons can be classified on the basis of their axonal projection, their dendritic geometry, and the number of processes emanating from the cell body

[编辑] 2.5 神经胶质细胞为神经元提供生理环境

Glial cells provide a physiological environment for neurons

[编辑] 3 神经元和神经胶质细胞的发育

DEVELOPMENT OF NEURONS AND GLIAL CELLS

[编辑] 3.1 神经元与神经外胚层分化

Neurons differentiate from the neuroectoderm

[编辑] 3.2 神经元和神经胶质细胞起源于脑室附近增殖生发基质中的细胞

Neurons and glial cells originate from cells in the proliferating germinal matrix near the ventricles

[编辑] 3.3 神经元在粘附分子的帮助下迁移到它们在大脑中的正确解剖位置

Neurons migrate to their correct anatomical position in the brain with the help of adhesion molecules

[编辑] 3.4 神经元不再生

Neurons do not regenerate

[编辑] 4 神经系统的细分

SUBDIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

[编辑] 4.1 中枢神经系统由端脑、小脑、间脑、中脑、脑桥、延髓和脊髓组成

The CNS consists of the telencephalon, cerebellum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla, and spinal cord

[编辑] 4.2 PNS 包括颅神经和脊神经、它们相关的感觉神经节和各种感觉受体

The PNS comprises the cranial and spinal nerves, their associated sensory ganglia, and various sensory receptors

[编辑] 4.3 ANS 支配不受自愿控制的效应器

The ANS innervates effectors that are not under voluntary control

[编辑] 5 Reference

Smith et al. Insights into inner ear function and disease through novel visualizatio of the ductus reuniens, a semila communication between hearing and balance mechanisms. JARO (2022)
http://www.cochlea.eu/en/cochlea
http://www.cochlea.eu/en/cochlea/cochlear-fluids

@@ 第7行： / 第7行： @@
 蓝色 <b style=color:#0cf>【注】</b> 后内容为 BH1RBH (Jack Tan) 所加之注释
+== Overview ==
+=== 神经系统可分为中枢神经系统、外周神经系统和自主神经系统 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>The nervous system can be divided into central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems</b>
-<br>
+=== 神经系统的每个区域都有独特的神经细胞和不同的功能 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>Each area of the nervous system has unique nerve cells and a different function</b>
+== 神经系统的细胞 ==
+<b style=color:#f80>CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM</b>
+=== 神经元学说首先断言，神经系统由许多单独的信号单元组成——神经元 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>The neuron doctrine first asserted that the nervous system is composed of many individual signaling units—the neurons</b>
+=== 神经细胞有四个特殊区域：细胞体、树突、轴突和突触前末梢 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>Nerve cells have four specialized regions: cell body, dendrites, axon, and presynaptic terminals</b>
+=== 细胞骨架有助于分隔神经元，并提供物质在神经元的不同部分之间移动的轨迹 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>The cytoskeleton helps compartmentalize the neuron and also provides the tracks along which material travels between different parts of the neuron</b>
+=== 神经元可以根据它们的轴突投射、树突几何形状和从细胞体发出的过程数量进行分类 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>Neurons can be classified on the basis of their axonal projection, their dendritic geometry, and the number of processes emanating from the cell body</b>
+=== 神经胶质细胞为神经元提供生理环境 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>Glial cells provide a physiological environment for neurons</b>
+== 神经元和神经胶质细胞的发育 ==
+<b style=color:#f80>DEVELOPMENT OF NEURONS AND GLIAL CELLS</b>
+=== 神经元与神经外胚层分化 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>Neurons differentiate from the neuroectoderm</b>
+=== 神经元和神经胶质细胞起源于脑室附近增殖生发基质中的细胞 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>Neurons and glial cells originate from cells in the proliferating germinal matrix near the ventricles</b>
+=== 神经元在粘附分子的帮助下迁移到它们在大脑中的正确解剖位置 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>Neurons migrate to their correct anatomical position in the brain with the help of adhesion molecules</b>
+=== 神经元不再生 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>Neurons do not regenerate</b>
+== 神经系统的细分 ==
+<b style=color:#f80>SUBDIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM</b>
+=== 中枢神经系统由端脑、小脑、间脑、中脑、脑桥、延髓和脊髓组成 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>The CNS consists of the telencephalon, cerebellum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla, and spinal cord</b>
+=== PNS 包括颅神经和脊神经、它们相关的感觉神经节和各种感觉受体 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>The PNS comprises the cranial and spinal nerves, their associated sensory ganglia, and various sensory receptors</b>
+=== ANS 支配不受自愿控制的效应器 ===
+<b style=color:#0ae>The ANS innervates effectors that are not under voluntary control</b>
 == Reference ==