2014年12月16日 (二) 16:52的最后版本

[编辑] 1 Install

comcat@maike:~# apt-get install mongodb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libboost-filesystem1.42.0 libboost-program-options1.42.0 libboost-system1.42.0 libboost-thread1.42.0 libmozjs2d libpcrecpp0 
  mongodb-clients mongodb-dev mongodb-server
......
......
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up libboost-system1.42.0 (1.42.0-4) ...
Setting up libboost-filesystem1.42.0 (1.42.0-4) ...
Setting up libboost-program-options1.42.0 (1.42.0-4) ...
Setting up libboost-thread1.42.0 (1.42.0-4) ...
Setting up libmozjs2d (1.9.1.16-20) ...
Setting up libpcrecpp0 (8.02-1.1) ...
Setting up mongodb-clients (1:1.4.4-3) ...
Setting up mongodb-server (1:1.4.4-3) ...
Adding system user `mongodb' (UID 105) ...
Adding new user `mongodb' (UID 105) with group `nogroup' ...
Not creating home directory `/home/mongodb'.
Adding group `mongodb' (GID 110) ...
Done.
Adding user mongodb to group mongodb
Done.
Starting database: mongodb.
Setting up mongodb-dev (1:1.4.4-3) ...
Setting up mongodb (1:1.4.4-3) ...

comcat@maike:~# ps ax|grep mongo
30109 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/bin/mongod --dbpath /var/lib/mongodb --logpath /var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log
                               --config /etc/mongodb.conf run
30319 pts/0    S+     0:00 grep mongo

The configuration file is located at /etc/mongodb.conf

It use /var/lib/mongodb as the database directory by default. You can modify it as you like.

[编辑] 2 Mongo Shell

comcat@maike:~# dpkg -L mongodb-clients | grep bin
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/mongo
/usr/bin/mongodump
/usr/bin/mongoexport
/usr/bin/mongofiles
/usr/bin/mongoimport
/usr/bin/mongorestore
/usr/bin/mongostat
comcat@maike:~# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 1.4.4
url: test
connecting to: test
type "help" for help
>
> help
HELP
        show dbs                     show database names
        show collections             show collections in current database
        show users                   show users in current database
        show profile                 show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
        use <db name>                set curent database to <db name>
        db.help()                    help on DB methods
        db.foo.help()                help on collection methods
        db.foo.find()                list objects in collection foo
        db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )     list objects in foo where a == 1
        it                           result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
> show dbs
admin
local

[编辑] 2.1 Create DB

comcat@maike:~$ mongo
MongoDB shell version: 1.4.4
url: test
connecting to: test
type "help" for help
>
> use test
switched to db test
> show dbs
admin
local
>

This can not create the database immediatelly. System will create it when there is data inserted in.

[编辑] 2.2 Create Collection

System will create the collection when there is data inserted in:

> use test
switched to db test
> db.getCollectionNames()
[ ]
> db.users.insert({username:"smith"})

> show dbs
admin
local
test

> db.getCollectionNames()
[ "system.indexes", "users" ]

[编辑] 2.3 Delete Collection

> use test
switched to db test
> db.getCollectionNames()
[ "system.indexes", "users" ]
> db.users.drop()
true
> db.getCollectionNames()
[ "system.indexes" ]

[编辑] 2.4 Insert

Insert a doc (similar to line) into users (It's a Collection, similar to table)

> use test
switched to db test
> show dbs
admin
local
> db.users.insert({username:"Jack Tan"})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fdcedfddefec3659e6e29"), "username" : "Jack Tan" }

> show dbs
admin
local
test

> db.users.save({username:"Jones"})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fdcedfddefec3659e6e29"), "username" : "Jack Tan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fdd29fddefec3659e6e2a"), "username" : "Jones" }
> db.users.count()
2

[编辑] 2.5 Update

> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe214991680933fb5a008"), "username" : "smith" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe28e991680933fb5a009"), "username" : "Jack Tan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe29d991680933fb5a00a"), "username" : "Gaga Liu" }

> db.users.update({username:"smith"},{$set:{country:"Canada"}})
> db.users.find({username:"smith"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe214991680933fb5a008"), "country" : "Canada", "username" : "smith" }

> db.users.update({username:"smith"},{$unset:{country: 1}})
> db.users.find({username:"smith"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe214991680933fb5a008"), "username" : "smith" }

> db.users.update({username:"smith"},{$set:{favorites:
... {
... cities:["Chicago", "Cheyenne"],
... movies:["Casablanca", "The Sting"]
... }
... }
... })
> db.users.find({username:"smith"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe214991680933fb5a008"), "favorites" : { "cities" : [ "Chicago", "Cheyenne" ],
 "movies" : [ "Casablanca", "The Sting" ] }, "username" : "smith" }

> db.users.update({username:"smith"},{$set:{favorites:
... {
... movies: ["Casablanca", "Rocky"]
... }
... }
... })
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe28e991680933fb5a009"), "username" : "Jack Tan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe29d991680933fb5a00a"), "username" : "Gaga Liu" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe214991680933fb5a008"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca", "Rocky" ] }, "username" : "smith" }

[编辑] 2.6 Multi-update

> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe29d991680933fb5a00a"), "username" : "Gaga Liu" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe214991680933fb5a008"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca", "Rocky" ] }, "username" : "smith" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe28e991680933fb5a009"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca" ] }, "username" : "Jack Tan" }
>
> db.users.update({"favorites.movies":"Casablanca"},{$addToSet:{"favorites.movies":"The Maltese Falcon"}}, false, false)
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe29d991680933fb5a00a"), "username" : "Gaga Liu" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe214991680933fb5a008"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca", "Rocky", "The Maltese Falcon" ] },
 "username" : "smith" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe28e991680933fb5a009"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca" ] }, "username" : "Jack Tan" }
>
>
> db.users.update({username:"smith"},{$set:{favorites:{movies:["Casablanca","Rocky"]}}})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe29d991680933fb5a00a"), "username" : "Gaga Liu" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe214991680933fb5a008"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca", "Rocky" ] }, "username" : "smith" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe28e991680933fb5a009"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca" ] }, "username" : "Jack Tan" }
>
> db.users.update({"favorites.movies":"Casablanca"},{$addToSet:{"favorites.movies":"The Maltese Falcon"}}, false, true)
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe29d991680933fb5a00a"), "username" : "Gaga Liu" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe214991680933fb5a008"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca", "Rocky", "The Maltese Falcon" ] },
 "username" : "smith" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe28e991680933fb5a009"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca", "The Maltese Falcon" ] },
 "username" : "Jack Tan" }

[编辑] 2.7 Find

> db.users.find({"favorites.movies":"Casablanca"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe214991680933fb5a008"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca", "Rocky" ] }, "username" : "smith" }

> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe28e991680933fb5a009"), "username" : "Jack Tan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe29d991680933fb5a00a"), "username" : "Gaga Liu" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe214991680933fb5a008"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca", "Rocky" ] }, "username" : "smith" }

> db.numbers.find({num:{"$gt":199997}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff0b1991680933fb8ad49"), "num" : 199998 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff0b1991680933fb8ad4a"), "num" : 199999 }

> db.numbers.find({num:{"$gt":33,"$lt":36}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a02d"), "num" : 34 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a02e"), "num" : 35 }

[编辑] 2.8 Delete

> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe29d991680933fb5a00a"), "username" : "Gaga Liu" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe214991680933fb5a008"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca", "Rocky", "The Maltese Falcon" ] },
 "username" : "smith" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe28e991680933fb5a009"), "favorites" : { "movies" : [ "Casablanca", "The Maltese Falcon" ] },
 "username" : "Jack Tan" }
> db.users.remove({"favorites.movies":"Casablanca"})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548fe29d991680933fb5a00a"), "username" : "Gaga Liu" }
> db.users.count()
1
> db.users.remove()
> db.users.find()
> show collections
system.indexes
users
> db.users.count()
0

[编辑] 2.9 Delete DB

> show dbs
admin
local
test
> use test
switched to db test
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "test.$cmd", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
admin
local

[编辑] 3 Index

> for (i=0; i<200000; i++){
... db.numbers.save({num:i});
... }
> db.numbers.count()
200000
> db.numbers.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a00b"), "num" : 0 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a00c"), "num" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a00d"), "num" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a00e"), "num" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a00f"), "num" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a010"), "num" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a011"), "num" : 6 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a012"), "num" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a013"), "num" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a014"), "num" : 9 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a015"), "num" : 10 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a016"), "num" : 11 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a017"), "num" : 12 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a018"), "num" : 13 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a019"), "num" : 14 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a01a"), "num" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a01b"), "num" : 16 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a01c"), "num" : 17 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a01d"), "num" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a01e"), "num" : 19 }
has more
> it
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a01f"), "num" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a020"), "num" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a021"), "num" : 22 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a022"), "num" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a023"), "num" : 24 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a024"), "num" : 25 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a025"), "num" : 26 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a026"), "num" : 27 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a027"), "num" : 28 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a028"), "num" : 29 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a029"), "num" : 30 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a02a"), "num" : 31 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a02b"), "num" : 32 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a02c"), "num" : 33 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a02d"), "num" : 34 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a02e"), "num" : 35 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a02f"), "num" : 36 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a030"), "num" : 37 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a031"), "num" : 38 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a032"), "num" : 39 }
has more
> db.numbers.find({num:500})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a1ff"), "num" : 500 }
> db.numbers.find({num:{"$gt":199997}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff0b1991680933fb8ad49"), "num" : 199998 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff0b1991680933fb8ad4a"), "num" : 199999 }

> db.numbers.find({num:{"$gt":33,"$lt":36}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a02d"), "num" : 34 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("548ff09c991680933fb5a02e"), "num" : 35 }

> db.numbers.find({num:{"$gt":199997}}).explain()
{
        "cursor" : "BasicCursor",
        "indexBounds" : [ ],
        "nscanned" : 200000,
        "nscannedObjects" : 200000,
        "n" : 2,
        "millis" : 60,
        "oldPlan" : {
                "cursor" : "BasicCursor",
                "indexBounds" : [ ]
        },
        "allPlans" : [
                {
                        "cursor" : "BasicCursor",
                        "indexBounds" : [ ]
                }
        ]
}

Find a line, the time is 60ms

Use Indexes:

> db.numbers.ensureIndex({num:1})
> db.numbers.getIndexes()
[
        {
                "name" : "_id_",
                "ns" : "test.numbers",
                "key" : {
                        "_id" : 1
                }
        },
        {
                "_id" : ObjectId("548ff1ea991680933fb8ad4b"),
                "ns" : "test.numbers",
                "key" : {
                        "num" : 1
                },
                "name" : "num_1"
        }
]
> db.numbers.find({num:{"$gt":199997}}).explain()
{
        "cursor" : "BtreeCursor num_1",
        "indexBounds" : [
                [
                        {
                                "num" : 199997
                        },
                        {
                                "num" : 1.7976931348623157e+308
                        }
                ]
        ],
        "nscanned" : 3,
        "nscannedObjects" : 2,
        "n" : 2,
        "millis" : 0,
        "allPlans" : [
                {
                        "cursor" : "BtreeCursor num_1",
                        "indexBounds" : [
                                [
                                        {
                                                "num" : 199997
                                        },
                                        {
                                                "num" : 1.7976931348623157e+308
                                        }
                                ]
                        ]
                }
        ]
}

The time is less than 1ms

[编辑] 4 Basic Management

[编辑] 4.1 Show

> show dbs
admin
local
test
> use test
switched to db test

> show collections
system.indexes
users

[编辑] 4.2 Stats

> db.stats()
{
        "collections" : 2,
        "objects" : 1,
        "dataSize" : 60,
        "storageSize" : 6144,
        "numExtents" : 2,
        "indexes" : 1,
        "indexSize" : 8192,
        "ok" : 1
}
> db.users.stats()
{
        "ns" : "test.users",
        "count" : 0,
        "size" : 0,
        "storageSize" : 2560,
        "numExtents" : 1,
        "nindexes" : 1,
        "lastExtentSize" : 2560,
        "paddingFactor" : 1.49,
        "flags" : 1,
        "totalIndexSize" : 8192,
        "indexSizes" : {
                "_id_" : 8192
        },
        "ok" : 1
}

The true is:

> db.runCommand
function (obj) {
    if (typeof obj == "string") {
        var n = {};
        n[obj] = 1;
        obj = n;
    }
    return this.getCollection("$cmd").findOne(obj);
}
> db.runCommand({dbstats:1})
{
        "collections" : 2,
        "objects" : 1,
        "dataSize" : 60,
        "storageSize" : 6144,
        "numExtents" : 2,
        "indexes" : 1,
        "indexSize" : 8192,
        "ok" : 1
}
> 
> db.runCommand({dbstats:'numbers'})
{
        "collections" : 2,
        "objects" : 1,
        "dataSize" : 60,
        "storageSize" : 6144,
        "numExtents" : 2,
        "indexes" : 1,
        "indexSize" : 8192,
        "ok" : 1
}