Ch11 The Neuronal Microenvironment
神经元微环境
本页英文内容取自：经典教材医学生理学（第三版） (Medical Physiology, 3rd Edtion, Walter F Boron, published in 2016)
中文内容由 BH1RBH (Jack Tan) 粗糙翻译
蓝色 【注】 后内容为 BH1RBH (Jack Tan) 所加之注释
目录 |
1 概述
1.1 大脑细胞外液为中枢神经元提供了高度调节的环境
Extracellular fluid in the brain provides a highly regulated environment for central nervous system neurons
Everything that surrounds individual neurons can be considered part of the neuronal microenvironment. Technically, therefore, the neuronal microenvironment includes the extracellular fluid (ECF), capillaries, glial cells, and adjacent neurons. Although the term often is restricted to just the immediate ECF, the ECF cannot be meaningfully discussed in isolation because of its extensive interaction with brain capillaries, glial cells, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). How the microenvironment interacts with neurons and how the brain (used here synonymously with central nervous system, or CNS) stabilizes it to provide constancy for neuronal function are the subjects of this discussion.
围绕单个神经元的一切都可以被认为是神经元微环境的一部分。因此，从技术上讲，神经元微环境包括细胞外液 （ECF）、毛细血管、神经胶质细胞和相邻的神经元。尽管该术语通常仅限于直接的 ECF，但由于 ECF 与脑毛细血管、神经胶质细胞和脑脊液 （CSF） 的广泛相互作用，因此不能单独有意义地讨论 ECF。微环境如何与神经元相互作用以及大脑（此处与中枢神经系统或 CNS 同义）如何稳定它以为神经元功能提供稳定性是本次讨论的主题。
The concentrations of solutes in brain extracellular fluid (BECF) fluctuate with neural activity, and conversely, changes in ECF composition can influence nerve cell behavior. Not surprisingly, therefore, the brain carefully controls the composition of this important compartment. It does so in three major ways: First, the brain uses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to protect the BECF from fluctuations in blood composition. Second, the CSF, produced by choroid plexus epithelial cells, strongly influences the composition of the BECF. Third, the surrounding glial cells “condition” the BECF.
脑细胞外液 （BECF） 中溶质的浓度随神经活动而波动，相反，ECF 组成的变化会影响神经细胞的行为。因此，大脑小心翼翼地控制着这个重要隔室的组成也就不足为奇了。它主要通过三种方式做到这一点：首先，大脑使用血脑屏障 （BBB） 来保护 BECF 免受血液成分波动的影响。其次，由脉络丛上皮细胞产生的 CSF 强烈影响 BECF 的组成。第三，周围的神经胶质细胞“调节”BECF。
2 脑脊液 (Cerebrospinal Fluid)
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
3 大脑细胞外间隙
BRAIN EXTRACELLULAR SPACE
4 血脑屏障 (BBB)
THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
5 胶质细胞 (Glial Cells)
GLIAL CELLS
6 Reference
- Smith et al. Insights into inner ear function and disease through novel visualizatio of the ductus reuniens, a semila communication between hearing and balance mechanisms. JARO (2022)
- http://www.cochlea.eu/en/cochlea
- http://www.cochlea.eu/en/cochlea/cochlear-fluids
