Ch10 Organization of the Nervous System
神经系统组织
本页英文内容取自：经典教材医学生理学（第三版） (Medical Physiology, 3rd Edtion, Walter F Boron, published in 2016)
中文内容由 BH1RBH (Jack Tan) 粗糙翻译
蓝色 【注】 后内容为 BH1RBH (Jack Tan) 所加之注释
目录 |
1 Overview
1.1 神经系统可分为中枢神经系统、外周神经系统和自主神经系统
The nervous system can be divided into central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems
1.2 神经系统的每个区域都有独特的神经细胞和不同的功能
Each area of the nervous system has unique nerve cells and a different function
2 神经系统的细胞
CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
2.1 神经元学说首先断言，神经系统由许多单独的信号单元组成——神经元
The neuron doctrine first asserted that the nervous system is composed of many individual signaling units—the neurons
2.2 神经细胞有四个特殊区域：细胞体、树突、轴突和突触前末梢
Nerve cells have four specialized regions: cell body, dendrites, axon, and presynaptic terminals
2.3 细胞骨架有助于分隔神经元，并提供物质在神经元的不同部分之间移动的轨迹
The cytoskeleton helps compartmentalize the neuron and also provides the tracks along which material travels between different parts of the neuron
2.4 神经元可以根据它们的轴突投射、树突几何形状和从细胞体发出的过程数量进行分类
Neurons can be classified on the basis of their axonal projection, their dendritic geometry, and the number of processes emanating from the cell body
2.5 神经胶质细胞为神经元提供生理环境
Glial cells provide a physiological environment for neurons
3 神经元和神经胶质细胞的发育
DEVELOPMENT OF NEURONS AND GLIAL CELLS
3.1 神经元与神经外胚层分化
Neurons differentiate from the neuroectoderm
3.2 神经元和神经胶质细胞起源于脑室附近增殖生发基质中的细胞
Neurons and glial cells originate from cells in the proliferating germinal matrix near the ventricles
3.3 神经元在粘附分子的帮助下迁移到它们在大脑中的正确解剖位置
Neurons migrate to their correct anatomical position in the brain with the help of adhesion molecules
3.4 神经元不再生
Neurons do not regenerate
4 神经系统的细分
SUBDIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
4.1 中枢神经系统由端脑、小脑、间脑、中脑、脑桥、延髓和脊髓组成
The CNS consists of the telencephalon, cerebellum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla, and spinal cord
4.2 PNS 包括颅神经和脊神经、它们相关的感觉神经节和各种感觉受体
The PNS comprises the cranial and spinal nerves, their associated sensory ganglia, and various sensory receptors
4.3 ANS 支配不受自愿控制的效应器
The ANS innervates effectors that are not under voluntary control
5 Reference
- Smith et al. Insights into inner ear function and disease through novel visualizatio of the ductus reuniens, a semila communication between hearing and balance mechanisms. JARO (2022)
- http://www.cochlea.eu/en/cochlea
- http://www.cochlea.eu/en/cochlea/cochlear-fluids
