Ch12 Physiology of Neurons

神经元生理学

本页英文内容取自：经典教材医学生理学（第三版） (Medical Physiology, 3rd Edtion, Walter F Boron, published in 2016)

中文内容由 BH1RBH (Jack Tan) 粗糙翻译

蓝色 【注】 后内容为 BH1RBH (Jack Tan) 所加之注释

1 Overview
- 1.1 神经元接收、组合、转换、存储和发送信息
- 1.2 神经信息从树突流向胞体，从轴突流向突触
2 树突中的信号传导
- 2.1 树突减弱突触电位
- 2.2 树突状膜具有电压门控离子通道
3 躯体中尖峰模式控制
- 3.1 神经元可以将简单的输入转换为各种输出模式
- 3.2 本征发射模式由动力学相对较慢的各种离子流决定
4 轴突传导
5 Reference

1 Overview

1.1 神经元接收、组合、转换、存储和发送信息

Neurons receive, combine, transform, store, and send information

1.2 神经信息从树突流向胞体，从轴突流向突触

Neural information flows from dendrite to soma to axon to synapse

2 树突中的信号传导

SIGNAL CONDUCTION IN DENDRITES

2.1 树突减弱突触电位

Dendrites attenuate synaptic potentials

2.2 树突状膜具有电压门控离子通道

Dendritic membranes have voltage-gated ion channels

3 躯体中尖峰模式控制

CONTROL OF SPIKING PATTERNS IN THE SOMA

3.1 神经元可以将简单的输入转换为各种输出模式

Neurons can transform a simple input into a variety of output patterns

3.2 本征发射模式由动力学相对较慢的各种离子流决定

Intrinsic firing patterns are determined by a variety of ion currents with relatively slow kinetics

4 轴突传导

AXONAL CONDUCTION

4.1 轴突专门用于快速、可靠和高效的电信号传输

Axons are specialized for rapid, reliable, and efficient transmission of electrical signals

4.2 动作电位通常在初始节段启动

Action potentials are usually initiated at the initial segment

4.3 有髓轴突的传导速度随直径线性增加

Conduction velocity of a myelinated axon increases linearly with diameter

4.4 脱髓鞘轴突缓慢、不可靠或根本不传导动作电位

Demyelinated axons conduct action potentials slowly, unreliably, or not at all

5 Reference

Smith et al. Insights into inner ear function and disease through novel visualizatio of the ductus reuniens, a semila communication between hearing and balance mechanisms. JARO (2022)
http://www.cochlea.eu/en/cochlea
http://www.cochlea.eu/en/cochlea/cochlear-fluids