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=== 命名和分型 === WHO 新冠病毒变种株命名规则: https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/ 目前使用较多的 Pangolin 分型法:https://cov-lineages.org/pangolin.html “Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages(以系统发育归类命名全球暴发分支)”。研究基于GISAID 数据库中 SARS⁃CoV⁃2 基因组序列的系统发育提出了一个合理和动态的命名,即使用一个系统发育框架来识别当下活跃的病毒分支。 以A,B为主分支,最近比较火的,英国发现的变异病毒“B1.1.7”,就是基于这种分型方法。可以在线分析数据 https://pangolin.cog-uk.io/ 把 fasta 文件拖拽上去即可。 '''Examples:''' <source lang=bash> >>> B.1.617.2 Predominantly India lineage with several spike mutations (WHO: Delta) B.1.1.529 South Africa and Botswana lineage (WHO: Omicron) ------ BA.1 Alias of B.1.1.529.1, named at 2021/12/07, BJCDC@2022-01-07 BA.1.1 Alias of, BJCDC@2022-01-01 ~ 2022-03 BA.1.1.1 Alias of, BJCDC@2022-01-07 BA.2 Alias of, BJCDC@2022-01-12 ~ 04-09 BA.2.2 Alias of, BJCDC@2022-08-29 BA.2.2.1 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.2.1, China lineage, named at 2022/06/13, BJCDC@2022-05 BA.2.3.7 BA.2.76 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.76, mainly found in India and USA, named at 2022/07/02 ------ BA.2.75 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75, mainly found in India, named at 2022/06/24 CH.1.1 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75.3.4.1.1.1.1, defined by S:L452R, named at 2022/10/13 BA.5.2 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.2, mainly found in South Africa, England and USA, named at 2022/05/25 XBB Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75 (BA.2.75 or BJ.1) with breakpoint in S1, found in USA and Singapore, named at 2022/09/17 XBB.1 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75.1 (XBB with S:G252V), named at 2022/10/03 XBB.1.1 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75.1.1, (ORF1a:P309L), named at 2022/10/15 XBB.1.2 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75.1.2, (S:S640F), named at 2022/10/17 XBB.1.3 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75.1.3, (S:A484T), named at 2022/10/23 XBB.1.4 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75.1.4, (S:T883I), named at 2022/11/06 XBB.1.5 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75.1.5, (S:F486P), found in USA, named at 2022/11/08 XBB.1.6 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75.1.6, (S:L216F, S:H146K), named at 2022/12/16 XBB.1.7 Alias of B.1.1.529.2.75.1.7, (S:V608I), named at 2022/12/22 XBF Alias of B.1.1.529.5.2.3 (BA.5.2.3 or CJ.1), mainly found in Australia, , named at 2022/11/03 BF.7 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.2.1.7, mainly found in Belgium, England and Denmark, named at 2022/05/25, named at 2022/07/16 BF.7.13 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.2.1.7.13, Belgium, ORF1a:H388Y, ORF1a:H1160Y, named at 2022/11/03 BF.7.13.1 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.2.1.7.13.1, Europe, S:T430I, S:P681S, named at 2022/11/03 BQ.1 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.3.1.1.1.1.1, Nigeria lineage, named at 2022/09/02 BQ.1.1 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.3.1.1.1.1.1.1, found globally, defining mutations ORF1b:N1191S and S:R346T, named at 2022/09/09 BQ.1.1.1 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.3.1.1.1.1.1.1.1, Europe, ORF1b:V1639A, named at 2022/10/15 BQ.1.1.17 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.3.1.1.1.1.1.1.17, France, ORF1a:S2273F, named at 2022/10/31 BQ.1.1.19 Alias of B.1.1.529.5.3.1.1.1.1.1.1.19, England, N:Q380H, named at 2022/10/31 </source> 按照 WHO 最新命名规则: * Alpha (B.1.1.7),2020/9 月发现于英国,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ310552 * Beta (B.1.351),2020/5 月发现于南非, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ202314 * Delta (B.1.617.2),2020/10 发现于印度,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ318159 * Gamma (P.1),2020/11 月发现于巴西,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ169911 * Zeta (P.2),2020/11 月发现于巴西,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ169912 * Kappa (B.1.617.1),2020/10 发现于印度,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ310580 * Omicron,'''B.1.1.529''' (BA.1),2021/11/24 南非报告,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ [https://www.who.int/zh/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern WHO 提醒] 第一例已知 B.1.1.529 确诊感染来自2021年11月9日采集的一份样本 * BQ.1.1 (BA.5.3.1.1.1.1.1.1),2022/9 尼日尼亚发现, * CH.1.1 (B.1.1.529.2.75.3.4.1.1.1.1),2022/11 香港 <br>
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