I2C 总线精要

1 概述

两根线： SDA， SCL，皆拉高 (pull-up)

SDA : Serial Data Line, holds Data or address signal
SCL : Serial Clock Line, holds Clock signal
IO must be open drain (or open collector in TTL)

SDA must be stable when SCL is high, excluding Start/Stop condition

2 软件模拟

To initialize the ports set the output resisters to 0 and the tristate registers to 1 which disables the outputs and allows them to be pulled high by the resistors.

The following 4 functions provide the primitive start, stop, read and write sequences. All I2C transactions can be built up from these.

SDA = SCL = 1;
SCL_IN = SDA_IN = 0;

void i2c_dly(void)
{
}

void i2c_start(void)
{
  SDA = 1;             // i2c start bit sequence
  i2c_dly();
  SCL = 1;
  i2c_dly();
  SDA = 0;
  i2c_dly();
  SCL = 0;
  i2c_dly();
}

void i2c_stop(void)
{
  SDA = 0;             // i2c stop bit sequence
  i2c_dly();
  SCL = 1;
  i2c_dly();
  SDA = 1;
  i2c_dly();
}

unsigned char i2c_rx(char ack)
{
char x, d=0;
  SDA = 1; 
  for(x=0; x<8; x++) {
    d <<= 1;
    do {
      SCL = 1;
    }
    while(SCL_IN==0);    // wait for any SCL clock stretching
    i2c_dly();
    if(SDA_IN) d |= 1;
    SCL = 0;
  } 
  if(ack) SDA = 0;
  else SDA = 1;
  SCL = 1;
  i2c_dly();             // send (N)ACK bit
  SCL = 0;
  SDA = 1;
  return d;
}

bit i2c_tx(unsigned char d)
{
char x;
static bit b;
  for(x=8; x; x--) {
    if(d&0x80) SDA = 1;
    else SDA = 0;
    SCL = 1;
    d <<= 1;
    SCL = 0;
  }
  SDA = 1;
  SCL = 1;
  i2c_dly();
  b = SDA_IN;          // possible ACK bit
  SCL = 0;
  return b;
}

使用示例：

The 4 primitive functions above can easily be put together to form complete I2C transactions. Here's and example to start an SRF08 ranging in cm:

i2c_start();              // send start sequence
i2c_tx(0xE0);             // SRF08 I2C address with R/W bit clear
i2c_tx(0x00);             // SRF08 command register address
i2c_tx(0x51);             // command to start ranging in cm
i2c_stop();               // send stop sequence

Now after waiting 65mS for the ranging to complete (I've left that to you) the following example shows how to read the light sensor value from register 1 and the range result from registers 2 & 3.

i2c_start();              // send start sequence
i2c_tx(0xE0);             // SRF08 I2C address with R/W bit clear
i2c_tx(0x01);             // SRF08 light sensor register address
i2c_start();              // send a restart sequence
i2c_tx(0xE1);             // SRF08 I2C address with R/W bit set
lightsensor = i2c_rx(1);  // get light sensor and send acknowledge. Internal register address will increment automatically.
rangehigh = i2c_rx(1);    // get the high byte of the range and send acknowledge.
rangelow = i2c_rx(0);     // get low byte of the range - note we don't acknowledge the last byte.
i2c_stop();               // send stop sequence