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== Overview == MQTT是一个轻量的发布订阅模式消息传输协议,专门针对低带宽和不稳定网络环境的物联网应用设计。 MQTT官网: http://mqtt.org MQTT V3.1.1协议规范: http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/os/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.html '''特点:''' * 开放消息协议,简单易实现 * 发布订阅模式,一对多消息发布 * 基于TCP/IP网络连接 * 1字节固定报头,2字节心跳报文,报文结构紧凑 * 消息QoS支持,可靠传输保证 '''应用:''' MQTT协议广泛应用于物联网、移动互联网、智能硬件、车联网、电力能源等领域。 * 物联网M2M通信,物联网大数据采集 * Android消息推送,WEB消息推送 * 移动即时消息,例如Facebook Messenger * 智能硬件、智能家具、智能电器 * 车联网通信,电动车站桩采集 * 智慧城市、远程医疗、远程教育 * 电力、石油与能源等行业市场 <br> == Quickstart == MQTT 协议基于主题 (Topic) 进行消息路由 主题 (Topic) 类似 URL 路径,例如: <pre> dev/gateway dev2srv/DEV1202 srv2dev/DEV1203 </pre> * 发布者通过主题 (Topic) 发送消息 * 所有订阅 (Subscribe) 该主题的订阅者,都会收到消息 主题 (Topic) 通过 '/' 分割层级,支持 '+', '#' 通配符: <source lang=bash> '+': 表示通配一个层级,例如 a/+,匹配 a/x, a/y '#': 表示通配多个层级,例如 a/#,匹配 a/x, a/b/c </source> '''订阅者可以订阅含通配符主题,但发布者不允许向含通配符主题发布消息''' <br> == Python == === Install Python3 === * Install python3.8 from https://www.python.org/downloads/ ** Windows: https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.1/python-3.8.1-amd64.exe ** Mac OS X: https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.1/python-3.8.1-macosx10.9.pkg Install pip: <source lang=bash> $ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py $ sudo python get-pip.py </source> === Install mqtt package === <source lang=bash> $ python3 --version Python 3.5.3rc1 $ pip3 install paho-mqtt Collecting paho-mqtt Downloading paho-mqtt-1.2.tar.gz (49kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 308kB/s Building wheels for collected packages: paho-mqtt Running setup.py bdist_wheel for paho-mqtt ... done Stored in directory: /home/comcat/.cache/pip/wheels/fa/db/fb/b495e37057e2f40534726b3c00ab26a58fc80fb8d17223df07 Successfully built paho-mqtt Installing collected packages: paho-mqtt Successfully installed paho-mqtt-1.2 </source> More infor: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/paho-mqtt <br> === mqtt client === <source lang=python> import json import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt import sys # replace it to your id ########################################### mqtt_uname = 'test' mqtt_pass = 'test' devid = '12020030001' ########################################### def help_msg(): print("Supported cmd:") print("\tmqtt.py message") if len(sys.argv) >= 2: set_state = sys.argv[1] else: help_msg() sys.exit(-2) mqtt_tx_topic = 'dev/gw' mqtt_rx_topic = 'app2dev/' + devid mqtt_host = '192.168.1.97' mqtt_port = 1883 mqtt_msg = set_state def on_connect(client, u_dat, rc): if rc == 0: print("Connected successfully") else: print("Connection failed. rc = "+str(rc)) def on_publish(client, u_dat, rc): print("Message "+str(rc)+" published.") def on_subscribe(client, u_dat, mid, qos): print("Subscribe with "+str(mid)+" received") def on_message(client, udat, msg): print("Message received on topic "+msg.topic+" and payload "+str(msg.payload)) mqttc = mqtt.Client() mqttc.on_connect = on_connect mqttc.on_publish = on_publish mqttc.on_subscribe = on_subscribe mqttc.on_message = on_message mqttc.username_pw_set(mqtt_uname, mqtt_pass) mqttc.connect(mqtt_host, mqtt_port) mqttc.publish(mqtt_tx_topic, mqtt_msg) </source> <br><br> == Go 语言 == 起一个 MQTT 客户端监控 dev/gw 或者 dev/gws(加密)主题消息,负责将这些消息解析后写入数据库 用 Go 语言实现这个模块功能,效率高,性能好 === Prepare === Windows 下安装 Go 语言环境: Go 语言官网(https://golang.google.cn/dl/)下载安装包 go1.14.1.windows-amd64.msi 详细可参考:http://c.biancheng.net/view/3992.html Linux 安装 Go lang 编译环境: <source lang=bash> $ sudo apt-get install golang-go $ sudo apt-get install golang-eclipse-paho-dev $ export GOPATH=/usr/share/gocode </source> Refer to: * https://golang.org * http://www.eclipse.org/paho/clients/golang/ <br> === 消息发送=== <source lang=cpp> package main import ( "fmt" "os" "strings" "net/http" "encoding/json" MQTT "git.eclipse.org/gitroot/paho/org.eclipse.paho.mqtt.golang.git" ) //define a function for the default message handler var f MQTT.MessageHandler = func(client *MQTT.Client, msg MQTT.Message) { fmt.Printf("TOPIC: %s\n", msg.Topic()) fmt.Printf("MSG: %s\n", msg.Payload()) } var uid string = "YOUR_mqtt_uname" var pass string = "YOUR_mqtt_pass" func main() { if len(os.Args[1:]) >= 2 { devid := os.Args[1] cmd := os.Args[2] msg := "" if cmd == "on" { msg = "on" } else if cmd == "off" { msg = "off" } else if cmd == "ota" { msg = "ota" } //pass := get_token(uid) send_msg(devid, msg, pass) } else { help_msg() } } func help_msg() { fmt.Println("Supported cmd:") fmt.Println("\tmqtt dev_id on") fmt.Println("\tmqtt dev_id off") } // 往主题 app2dev/DEV_ID 处发送消息 func send_msg(devid string, msg string, pass string) { opts := MQTT.NewClientOptions().AddBroker("tcp://mqtt.xxx.net:1883") opts.SetClientID("cid_" + devid) opts.SetUsername(devid) opts.SetPassword(pass) opts.SetDefaultPublishHandler(f) c := MQTT.NewClient(opts) if token := c.Connect(); token.Wait() && token.Error() != nil { panic(token.Error()) } mqtt_tx_topic := "app2dev/" + devid token := c.Publish(mqtt_tx_topic, 0, false, msg) token.Wait() } /* func get_token(user_id string) (string) { url := "http://api.xxx.net/user/token" type Body struct { UID string `json:"user_id"` } var body = Body { UID: user_id, } data, err := json.Marshal(body) //fmt.Println(string(data)) if err == nil { resp, err := http.Post(url, "application/json", strings.NewReader(string(data))) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } defer resp.Body.Close() dec := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body) var v map[string]interface{} if err := dec.Decode(&v); err != nil { fmt.Printf("error: %v\n", err) } else { if val, ok := v["user_token"].(string); ok { return val } } } return "" } */ </source> <source lang=bash> $ go build mqtt.go $ ./mqtt 12020030001 on $ ./mqtt 12020030001 off </source> <br><br> == PHP == * https://github.com/mgdm/Mosquitto-PHP * https://github.com/php-mqtt/client * https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000014031341 <br> == C == === mosquitto === 包括客户端库和服务端 * [https://mosquitto.org/ mosquitto home] 没选服务端只选客户端代价: <source lang=bash> $ find output/target/|grep -i mosq output/target/usr/lib/libmosquitto.so.1 output/target/usr/lib/libmosquitto.so output/target/usr/lib/libmosquittopp.so output/target/usr/lib/libmosquittopp.so.1 output/target/usr/bin/mosquitto_rr output/target/usr/bin/mosquitto_pub output/target/usr/bin/mosquitto_sub output/target/etc/mosquitto output/target/etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf $ ls -lht output/target/usr/bin/mosquitto_* -rwxr-xr-x 1 comcat comcat 38K Feb 19 18:33 output/target/usr/bin/mosquitto_pub -rwxr-xr-x 1 comcat comcat 38K Feb 19 18:33 output/target/usr/bin/mosquitto_sub -rwxr-xr-x 1 comcat comcat 38K Feb 19 18:33 output/target/usr/bin/mosquitto_rr $ ls -lht output/target/usr/lib/libmosquitto* -rwxr-xr-x 1 comcat comcat 14K Feb 19 18:33 output/target/usr/lib/libmosquittopp.so.1 -rwxr-xr-x 1 comcat comcat 75K Feb 19 18:33 output/target/usr/lib/libmosquitto.so.1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 comcat comcat 19 Feb 18 17:54 output/target/usr/lib/libmosquittopp.so -> libmosquittopp.so.1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 comcat comcat 17 Feb 18 17:54 output/target/usr/lib/libmosquitto.so -> libmosquitto.so.1 </source> <br> === paho === 轻量级 C 语言客户端库 * https://github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.c * https://www.eclipse.org/paho/ * https://www.eclipse.org/paho/files/mqttdoc/MQTTClient/html/index.html <source lang=cpp> $ git clone git://github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.c paho-mqtt $ cd paho-mqtt $ make $ sudo make install </source> <br> == Reference == * https://docs.emqx.io/broker/v3/cn/protocol.html <br><br>
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