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RTL 433
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== Overview == 发射部分多是声表谐振器 (Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators): [[文件:DSC09987.JPG]] 常见频率 315MHz 和 433MHz 通电、信号脚为 1 就发射 发射编码部分通常用 PT2262/eV1527 编码芯片,也可直接通过程序控制发射 亦有采用 Si4010 这类 C51 mcu 集成 OOK&FSK RF 功能的超小体积芯片解决方案 <br> == Quick Start == * [https://triq.org/rtl_433/OPERATION.html Basic rtl_433 operation] * [https://triq.org/rtl_433/STARTING.html#options Getting Started] <source lang=bash> $ rtl_433 -f 433.92M -X "n=Tesla,m=OOK_MC_ZEROBIT,s=400,r=1200,t=60" $ rtl_433 -c /usr/local/etc/rtl_433/tesla_charge-port-opener.conf </source> <br> === Input === <source lang=bash> -d 0 # Using the first RTL-SDR found (by default) -d driver=lime -d rtl_tcp://192.168.1.2:1234 # input from a file -r g001_433.92M_250k.cu8 </source> '''Config the input:''' <source lang=bash> [-f <frequency>] Receive frequency(s) (default: 433920000 Hz) [-H <seconds>] Hop interval for polling of multiple frequencies (default: 600 seconds) [-E hop | quit] Hop/Quit after outputting successful event(s) [-s <sample rate>] Set sample rate (default: 250000 Hz) [-g <gain> | help] (default: auto) [-t <settings>] apply a list of keyword=value settings for SoapySDR devices e.g. -t "antenna=A,bandwidth=4.5M,rfnotch_ctrl=false" [-p <ppm_error>] Correct rtl-sdr tuner frequency offset error (default: 0) </source> <br> === Output === The default output is to the screen <source lang=bash> -F kv prints to the screen -F json prints json lines -F csv prints a csv formatted file -F mqtt sends to MQTT -F influx sends to InfluxDB -F csv:log.csv # Append output to file -F mqtt:127.0.0.1:1514 </source> Write all received RAW data to a file with: * -w <filename> * -W <filename> to overwrite an existing file '''Store raw sample data:''' rtl_433 can write a file for each received signal. This is the preferred mode for generating files to later analyze or add as test cases. <source lang=bash> -S all to write all signals to files, -S unknown to write signals which couldn't be decoded to files, -S known to write signals that could be decoded to files. </source> The saves signals are raw I/Q samples (uint8 pcm, 2 channel). <source lang=bash> -A # Pulse Analyzer. Enable pulse analysis and decode attempt. -R 0 # Disable all decoders -v to show detailed notes on startup, -vv to show failed decoding attempts, -vvv to show all decoding attempts, </source> <br> === Modulation === <source lang=python> OOK_MC_ZEROBIT : Manchester Code with fixed leading zero bit OOK_PCM : Non Return to Zero coding (Pulse Code) OOK_RZ : Return to Zero coding (Pulse Code) OOK_PPM : Pulse Position Modulation OOK_PWM : Pulse Width Modulation OOK_DMC : Differential Manchester Code OOK_PIWM_RAW : Raw Pulse Interval and Width Modulation OOK_PIWM_DC : Differential Pulse Interval and Width Modulation OOK_MC_OSV1 : Manchester Code for OSv1 devices FSK_PCM : FSK Pulse Code Modulation FSK_PWM : FSK Pulse Width Modulation FSK_MC_ZEROBIT : Manchester Code with fixed leading zero bit </source> * FSK:两个不同的频率分别代表 0 和 1,FSK 信号要想准确判定是 1 还是 0 (高频率还是低频率), 总是要等几个信号周期 * OOK:On-Off Keying,当“1”出现时接通振幅为 A 的载波,“0” 出现时关断载波。是 ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) 振幅键控调制的一个特例 * ASK:相当于模拟信号中的调幅,只不过与载频信号相乘的是二进制数。移幅就是把频率、相位作为常量,而把振幅作为变量。 [[文件:ASK.png]] 如上图所示,载波经过调制之后可以有 4 个幅度,分别为 V0=00、V1=01、V2=10、V3=11, 每一个幅度可以代表 2 个 bit,这样它的传输速率就是 OOK 的 2 倍 更多参考: * [[模拟信号调制技术(FM/AM/PM/SSB)]] * [[I/Q信号]] <br> == Build == <source lang=bash> $ sudo apt-get install libtool libusb-1.0-0-dev librtlsdr-dev rtl-sdr build-essential cmake pkg-config $ git clone https://github.com/merbanan/rtl_433 $ cd rtl_4333 $ ./do_build.sh $ cd build $ sudo make install -- Installing: /usr/local/include/rtl_433_devices.h -- Installing: /usr/local/bin/rtl_433 -- Installing: /usr/local/etc/rtl_433/CAME-TOP432.conf ...... </source> <br> == 分析 == 原来老方法:[[天使之翼遥控晾衣架分析]] <source lang=bash> $ rtl_433 -f 433.93M -A -S all # 生成文件: g001_433.93M_250k.cu8 </source> 提示 Microsoft Edge 中访问:https://triq.org/pdv/#AAB0170401018C031804A827148080808080808080808080808255+AAB02D0402018C031804A82714808091809191809191919191809081908180908081808090819081918080809081809255+AAB02D0401018C031804A82714808091809191809191919191809081908180908081808090819081918080809081808355 在浏览器中分析生成的文件 g001_433.93M_250k.cu8 WJX 有频繁数据: <source lang=bash> $ rtl_433 -f 433.25M -X 'n=WJX,m=FSK_PCM,s=4,l=4,r=4096' </source> <br> == TSLA == @433.93MHz * The button on the charge handle is pressed, the signal is repeated at 0.15s intervals for 10 times. * The code is the same for all Tesla charge port * The transmitter hardware is reported to be using a Si4010 * There is always 2 rows = 094aa9b38da19 and 1 row = 094aa9b38da18. <source lang=bash> time : @0.203604s model : Tesla charge port opener count : 5 num_rows : 5 rows : len : 13 data : 0000, len : 52 data : 094aa9b38da19, len : 52 data : 094aa9b38da19, len : 51 data : 094aa9b38da18, len : 1 data : 0 codes : {13}0000, {52}094aa9b38da19, {52}094aa9b38da19, {51}094aa9b38da18, {1}0 </source> <source lang=bash> # Tesla charge port opener decoder { name = Tesla charge port opener, modulation = OOK_MC_ZEROBIT, short = 400, reset = 1200, tolerance = 50, match = 094aa9b38da19, rows = 5 repeats = 2, countonly, } </source> <source lang=bash> $ rtl_433 -f 433930000 -X "n=Tesla,m=OOK_MC_ZEROBIT,s=400,r=1200,t=60" $ rtl_433 -c /usr/local/etc/rtl_433/tesla_charge-port-opener.conf </source> https://github.com/merbanan/rtl_433/blob/master/conf/tesla_charge-port-opener.conf https://github.com/merbanan/rtl_433_tests/pull/392 https://github.com/fredilarsen/TeslaChargeDoorOpener 发射采用 6SC2 (CP7L, MSOP10) + loop 天线,体积极小。核心芯片 6SC2 应该类似 https://www.silabs.com/documents/public/data-sheets/Si4010.pdf <br> == Lifesense LS102 == Body scale @433.24MHz or 433.35MHz https://fccid.io/OU9LS102-H 原接收端使用一个 Si4431 的模块 (FSK & OOK) https://www.silabs.com/documents/public/data-sheets/Si4430-31-32.pdf 比较接近: <source lang=bash> $ rtl_433 -f 433.25M -X 'n=LS102,m=FSK_PCM,s=400,l=400,r=2000' </source> <source lang=bash> # cat /jffs/configs/dnsmasq.d/apiiot #address=/lifesense.com/192.168.1.79 address=/lsdevicedata.lhealthcenter.com/192.168.1.79 #address=/lsdevicedata.lhealthcenter.com/101.36.126.202: GET /devicedataservice/dataservice?data=25645dd70011650000000000000000000041374104000000000000000000c4ebb14f HTTP/1.1 Host: lsdevicedata.lhealthcenter.com Connection: keep-alive 64:5d:d7:00:11:65 --------------------- HTTP/1.1 200 Server: Tengine Date: Mon, 10 Oct 2022 00:21:19 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 58 A00000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000bec650a1 </source> <br> == PH sensor == <source lang=bash> decoder { name = Given Imaging Bravo, modulation = OOK_PWM, short = 360, long = 711, gap = 1070, reset = 12000000, bits = 59, invert, get = @10:{16}:txid, get = @26:{8}:msgid, get = @34:{8}:pH1, get = @42:{8}:pH2, get = @50:{8}:crc } </source> https://analogist.net/post/decoding-radio-ph-capsules-with-rtl_433/ <br> == Reference == * https://github.com/merbanan/rtl_433 * [https://triq.org/ Transform SDR I/Q data] * [https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/TBYKZR3n3ADo4oDkaDUeIA LimeSDR 无线信号重放攻击和逆向分析] * http://www.quassi.nl/2014/05/19/sdr-433-mhz-door-bell/ * https://goughlui.com/2013/12/20/rtl-sdr-433-92mhz-askook-decoding-of-various-devices-with-rtl_433/ * https://analogist.net/post/decoding-radio-ph-capsules-with-rtl_433/ <br>
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