查看Raspberry的源代码

== Overview ==

最大 TF 卡： https://elinux.org/RPi_SD_cards

http://www.waveshare.net/wiki/1.54inch_e-Paper_Module

http://www.waveshare.net/wiki/1.54inch_e-Paper_Module_(C)

<br><br>

== Login ==

<source lang=bash>
Username: pi
Password: raspberry
</source>


;;开启 root 登录：

<source lang=bash>
sudo passwd root
sudo passwd --unlock root
</source>

设置SSH:

  sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

将其中的PermitRootLogin without-password改为PermitRootLogin yes，然后重启ssh服务sudo service ssh restart

<br>

== 大端 or 小端 ==

<source lang=python>
root@tesla:~# python3
Python 3.4.2 (default, Oct 19 2014, 13:31:11)
[GCC 4.9.1] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> print(sys.byteorder)
little
</source>

<source lang=bash>
$ echo -n I | od -to2 | head -n1 | awk '{print $2}' | cut -c6
# 1 则表示小端，0 表示大端
</source>

<br>

== Kernel 编译 ==

获取 kernel code: https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux

根据您当前系统的内核版本选 branch，比如此 Raspberry 3 model B 的内核版本为 linux 4.4.13，则选 rpi-4.4.y，然后点 code -> Local -> HTTPS -> Download ZIP:
<source lang=bash>
$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.4.13-v7+ (dc4@dc4-XPS13-9333) (gcc version 4.9.3 (crosstool-NG crosstool-ng-1.22.0-88-g8460611) ) #894 SMP Mon Jun 13 13:13:27 BST 2016
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 38.40
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xd03
CPU revision    : 4

processor       : 1
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 38.40
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xd03
CPU revision    : 4

processor       : 2
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 38.40
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xd03
CPU revision    : 4

processor       : 3
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 38.40
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xd03
CPU revision    : 4

Hardware        : BCM2709
Revision        : a22082
Serial          : 0000000036ac63be

#  Raspberry 3 model B 主 SoC 为 BCM2837 芯片，支持硬浮点 (vfp)
</source>

解压后，为目录 linux-rpi-4.4.y

;;Toolchain:
https://developer.arm.com/downloads/-/arm-gnu-toolchain-downloads  选 AArch32 GNU/Linux target with hard float (arm-none-linux-gnueabihf)


;; Build:

<source lang=bash>
$ cd linux-rpi-4.4.y/
$ export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/toolchain/bin
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabihf- bcm2709_defconfig # 生成 .config
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabihf- zImage -j8

$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabihf- dtbs
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabihf- M=drivers/your/drv/ modules
</source>

gcc 版本过高可能出错：
<source lang=bash>
  HOSTLD  scripts/dtc/dtc
/usr/bin/ld: scripts/dtc/dtc-parser.tab.o:(.bss+0x10): multiple definition of `yylloc'; scripts/dtc/dtc-lexer.lex.o:(.bss+0x0): first defined here
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
</source>

编辑 vim scripts/dtc/dtc-lexer.lex.c，找到 ”YYLTYPE yylloc;“ 加上 extern："extern YYLTYPE yylloc;"  即可


;; 部署

bootloader 加载内核优先顺序：
* config.txt 中的 kernel = xxxx
* kernel8.img kernel8-32.img (armv8-aarch64, armv8-aarch32)
* kernel7.img (armv7)
* kernel.img (old version)

<br>

== Pinout ==

=== Model A and B ===

[[文件:Rasp-gpio-pins-1.jpg | 600px]]

[[文件:Raspberry-1-gpio-led.png]]

[[文件:Rasp-gpio-pins-2.png | 600px]]

[[文件:Rasp-gpio-pins-3.png | 600px]]

<br><br>

=== Models A+, B+, PI 2 B, PI 3 B ===

[[文件:Gpio-readall.JPG]]


[[文件:Raspberry-pi-pinout.png  | 900px]]

[[文件:Rp23 pinout.png]]


[[文件:Gpio-pins-pi2.jpg | 800px]]

[[文件:Gpio-numbers-pi2.png | 800px]]

[[文件:Physical-pin-numbers.png | 800px]]

<br><br>

== Serial ==

=== Enable ===

<pre>
/boot/cmdline.txt
 "console=serial0,115200" 

/boot/config.txt
enable_uart=1
</pre>

<br>

=== Disable ===

  Remove  "console=serial0,115200"  from /boot/cmdline.txt


If you want to use the uart as IO device, add "enable_uart=1" into /boot/config.txt


Or you can do it by run "sudo raspi-config" , enter "Advanced Options" and then enter "Serial" ....

<br>

=== Connections ===

* RASP_TXD --- HEX_TX
* RASP_RXD --- HEX_RX

<br>

== GPIO Control ==

* https://github.com/joan2937/pigpio
* raspi-gpio
* RAW: http://www.pieter-jan.com/node/15

* https://makezine.com/projects/tutorial-raspberry-pi-gpio-pins-and-python/

* [https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/40594358 树莓派的GPIO控制]

* [http://webiopi.trouch.com/ WebIOPi] [[WebIOPi]]

* [https://www.cnblogs.com/wangkangluo1/archive/2013/03/17/2964080.html 树莓派实现web控制GPIO教程]

<br><br>

== Timezone ==

<pre>
$ cat /etc/timezone
Etc/UTC
$ sudo echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone
</pre>

add following into /etc/profile:

<pre>
TZ=Asia/Shanghai
export TZ
</pre>

  $ sudo reboot


<br><br>

== Static IP ==

add following into /etc/dhcpcd.conf:

<pre>
interface eth0
static ip_address=192.168.1.45/24
static routers=192.168.1.1
static domain_name_servers=192.168.1.1
</pre>


<br><br>

== ESP8266/ESP8089 ==

[[文件:Raspi-esp8089.png]]


Note that the CH_PD signal is connected to the ID_SD signal. This must be mapped as a GPIO (GPIO0) and switched to an output and driven low then switched to an input again before the driver is loaded in order to reset the module. This will be added in the near future in the driver.

https://github.com/al177/esp8089

https://hackaday.io/project/8678/instructions?page=1

<br><br>

== WiFi access-point ==

  $ sudo apt-get install hostapd dnsmasq

<br>

== WiFi ==

“Wlan0: Not associated”报错解决：

如下命令 OK，则网卡驱动 OK：

<source lang=bash>
$ ifconfig wlan0
$ ifconfig wlan0 up
$ iwlist wlan0 scan | grep SSID
</source>

只需修改网络配置即可，增加一条网络凭条：

<source lang=bash>
$ wpa_passphrase  YOUR_ssid YOUR_password >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

network={
        ssid="ssid"
        #psk="password"
        psk=44116ea881531996d8a23af58b376d70f196057429c258f529577a26e727ec1b
}

要使配置生效，则需要重启 wpa_supplicant:

<source lang=bash>
$ killall wpa_supplicant 
$ wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf 

或者：

$ sudo ifup wlan0
</source>

开机无法自动连 WiFi 则确认 /etc/network/interfaces 和 /etc/dhcpcd.conf:

<source lang=bash>
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
  wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
</source>

和 /etc/dhcpcd.conf:

<source lang=bash>
interface wlan0
static routers=192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
static domain_name_servers=192.168.1.1
</source>

* https://shumeipai.nxez.com/2016/09/17/raspberry-pi-set-up-a-wireless-internet-access.html
* https://www.cnblogs.com/lfri/p/11875527.html

<br>

== Bluetooth ==

  $ sudo apt-get install bluetooth bluez
  $ sudo apt-get install python-bluez

<br>

== 2G/3G/4G ==

  $ sudo apt-get install python-gammu gammu wvdial

<br>

== GPS ==

  $ sudo apt-get install gpsd gpsd-clients

<br>

== Qemu ==

<source lang=bash>
$ sudo apt install qemu qemu-system-arm
$ 

</source>

* [https://ownyourbits.com/2017/02/06/raspbian-on-qemu-with-network-access/ Raspbian on QEMU with network access]
* [https://fadeevab.com/how-to-setup-qemu-output-to-console-and-automate-using-shell-script/ How to Setup QEMU Output to Console]

;;Using Qemu to custom system:

* Fetch disk image from: http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads 
* Get kernel img and versatile-pb.dtb from: https://github.com/dhruvvyas90/qemu-rpi-kernel
* Run the Qemu 1st:
<source lang=bash>
$ sudo apt-get install qemu
$ qemu-system-arm -cpu'?' | grep arm1176
$ qemu-system-arm -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb \
  -kernel ./kernel-qemu-4.14.79-stretch \
  -dtb ./versatile-pb.dtb \
  -hda ./2018-11-13-raspbian-stretch-lite.img \
  -append 'root=/dev/sda2 panic=1  init=/bin/bash' \
  -no-reboot -serial stdio
</source>

<pre>
  -net nic \
  -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5022-:22 \
</pre>

Edit the /etc/ld.so.preload, remove the 1st line:

  #/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcofi_rpi.so

QEMU 模拟器上磁盘是认作 /dev/sda , 但是实机上是 /dev/mmcblk0 所以要设定对应的符号链接，创建 /etc/udev/rules.d/90-qemu.rules 并追加以下记录：

<pre>
KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="mmcblk0"
KERNEL=="sda?", SYMLINK+="mmcblk0p%n"
KERNEL=="sda2", SYMLINK+="root"
</pre>

Then re-run the Qemu:

<source lang=bash>
$ sudo apt-get install qemu
$ qemu-system-arm -cpu'?' | grep arm1176
$ qemu-system-arm -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb \
  -kernel ./kernel-qemu-4.14.79-stretch \
  -dtb ./versatile-pb.dtb \
  -hda ./2018-11-13-raspbian-stretch-lite.img \
  -append 'root=/dev/sda2 panic=1' \
  -no-reboot -serial stdio
</source>

<br>

== Image ==

=== Raspberry PI 3B ===

* Raspbian-4.1
* raspberrypi-jessie-WAZIUP-demo.dmg.zip
* 2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch-lite.zip

<br>

=== Raspberry Model A/B ===

* raspberrypi-jessie-WAZIUP-demo.dmg.zip (HomeAssist)

<br>

=== Notes ===

;;Write image into SD card:

<source lang=bash>
$ sudo dd bs=1m if=2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch-lite.img of=/dev/rdisk2 conv=sync
</source>

;; Make SD card into a img file:

<source lang=bash>
$ dd if=/dev/mmc0 | gzip -9 > sd-all.img.gz
$ gzip -dc /tmp/sd-all.img.gz | sudo dd of=/dev/mmc0
</source>

;;Mount the img:

<source lang=bash>
sudo apt-get install dosfstools dump parted kpartx
sudo losetup /dev/loop0 2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch-lite.img
mkdir -p /mnt/a/boot/
mkdir -p /mnt/a/root/
sudo kpartx -av /dev/loop0 
boot="/dev/mapper/loop0p6"
root="/dev/mapper/loop0p7"
sudo mount $boot /mnt/a/boot/
sudo mount $root /mnt/a/root/

sudo kpartx -d /dev/loop0
sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0
</source>

<br>

=== Backup the System into img ===

<source lang=bash>
#!/bin/sh
sudo apt-get install -y dosfstools parted kpartx rsync

df=`df -P | grep /dev/root | awk '{print $3}'`
dr=`df -P | grep /dev/mmcblk0p1 | awk '{print $2}'`
df=`echo $df $dr |awk '{print int(($1+$2)*1.2)}'`

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=raspberrypi.img bs=1K count=$df

sudo parted raspberrypi.img --script -- mklabel msdos

start=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0| awk 'NR==10 {print $2}'`
start=`echo $start's'`
end=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0| awk 'NR==10 {print $3}'`
end2=$[end+1]
end=`echo $end's'`
end2=`echo $end2's'`

sudo parted raspberrypi.img --script -- mkpart primary fat32 $start $end
sudo parted raspberrypi.img --script -- mkpart primary ext4 $end2 -1

loopdevice=`sudo losetup -f --show raspberrypi.img`
device=`sudo kpartx -va $loopdevice | sed -E 's/.*(loop[0-9])p.*/\1/g' | head -1`
device="/dev/mapper/${device}"
partBoot="${device}p1"
partRoot="${device}p2"
sudo mkfs.vfat $partBoot
sudo mkfs.ext4 $partRoot
sudo mount -t vfat $partBoot /media
sudo cp -rfp /boot/* /media/
sudo umount /media
sudo mount -t ext4 $partRoot /media/
cd /media
sudo rsync -aP --exclude="raspberrypi.img" --exclude=/media/* --exclude=/sys/* --exclude=/proc/*  --exclude=/tmp/* / ./

# replace PARTUUID
opartuuidb=`blkid -o export /dev/mmcblk0p1 | grep PARTUUID`
opartuuidr=`blkid -o export /dev/mmcblk0p2 | grep PARTUUID`
npartuuidb=`blkid -o export ${device}p1 | grep PARTUUID`
npartuuidr=`blkid -o export ${device}p2 | grep PARTUUID`
echo "BOOT uuid old=$opartuuidb -> new=$npartuuidb"
echo "ROOT uuid old=$opartuuidr -> new=$npartuuidr"
sudo sed -i "s/$opartuuidr/$npartuuidr/g" $dst_boot_path/cmdline.txt
sudo sed -i "s/$opartuuidb/$npartuuidb/g" $dst_root_path/etc/fstab
sudo sed -i "s/$opartuuidr/$npartuuidr/g" $dst_root_path/etc/fstab

cd
sudo umount /media
sudo kpartx -d $loopdevice
sudo losetup -d $loopdevice
</source>

<br><br>

== config.txt ==

* https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/config-txt/README.md
* https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/config-txt/video.md

<br>

== Offical 7' touchscreen ==

* https://maker-tutorials.com/en/official-raspberry-pi-7-touch-screen-lcd-display-assembly-guide-install-and-tips/

<br>

== Chromium Fullscreen ==

  /usr/bin/chromium-browser --profile-directory=Default --app-id=dbnedbfkgoaehilakknipiknpolnbapd --start-fullscreen

<br>

== Preempt-RT ==

* [http://www.frank-durr.de/?p=203 Raspberry Pi Going Realtime with RT Preempt]
* [http://www.machinekit.io/docs/getting-started/install-rt-kernel-RPi2/ RT-PREEMPT realtime kernel (Raspberry Pi)]
* [https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=39951 CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT on Raspberry Pi]

<br>

== Reference ==

* [[Raspberry精要]]
* [https://blog.csdn.net/talkxin/article/details/81264605 QEMU扩展树莓派镜像增加剩余使用空间]
* [https://blog.csdn.net/talkxin/article/details/50456282 树莓派镜像img裁剪瘦身]
* [https://blog.csdn.net/talkxin/article/details/50464313 使用linux裁剪树莓派完整sd卡镜像]
* [https://blog.csdn.net/robertsong2004/article/details/38532069 用QEMU模拟树莓派的方法]

<br><br>