Raspberry

2025年12月12日 (五) 15:35的最后版本

[编辑] 1 Overview

最大 TF 卡： https://elinux.org/RPi_SD_cards

http://www.waveshare.net/wiki/1.54inch_e-Paper_Module

http://www.waveshare.net/wiki/1.54inch_e-Paper_Module_(C)

[编辑] 2 Login

Username: pi
Password: raspberry

开启 root 登录：

sudo passwd root
sudo passwd --unlock root

设置SSH:

 sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

将其中的PermitRootLogin without-password改为PermitRootLogin yes，然后重启ssh服务sudo service ssh restart

[编辑] 3 大端 or 小端

root@tesla:~# python3
Python 3.4.2 (default, Oct 19 2014, 13:31:11)
[GCC 4.9.1] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> print(sys.byteorder)
little

$ echo -n I | od -to2 | head -n1 | awk '{print $2}' | cut -c6
# 1 则表示小端，0 表示大端

[编辑] 4 Kernel 编译

获取 kernel code: https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux

根据您当前系统的内核版本选 branch，比如此 Raspberry 3 model B 的内核版本为 linux 4.4.13，则选 rpi-4.4.y，然后点 code -> Local -> HTTPS -> Download ZIP:

$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.4.13-v7+ (dc4@dc4-XPS13-9333) (gcc version 4.9.3 (crosstool-NG crosstool-ng-1.22.0-88-g8460611) ) #894 SMP Mon Jun 13 13:13:27 BST 2016
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 38.40
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xd03
CPU revision    : 4

processor       : 1
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 38.40
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xd03
CPU revision    : 4

processor       : 2
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 38.40
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xd03
CPU revision    : 4

processor       : 3
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 38.40
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xd03
CPU revision    : 4

Hardware        : BCM2709
Revision        : a22082
Serial          : 0000000036ac63be

#  Raspberry 3 model B 主 SoC 为 BCM2837 芯片，支持硬浮点 (vfp)

解压后，为目录 linux-rpi-4.4.y

Toolchain

https://developer.arm.com/downloads/-/arm-gnu-toolchain-downloads 选 AArch32 GNU/Linux target with hard float (arm-none-linux-gnueabihf)

Build

$ cd linux-rpi-4.4.y/
$ export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/toolchain/bin
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabihf- bcm2709_defconfig # 生成 .config
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabihf- zImage -j8

$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabihf- dtbs
$ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabihf- M=drivers/your/drv/ modules

gcc 版本过高可能出错：

  HOSTLD  scripts/dtc/dtc
/usr/bin/ld: scripts/dtc/dtc-parser.tab.o:(.bss+0x10): multiple definition of `yylloc'; scripts/dtc/dtc-lexer.lex.o:(.bss+0x0): first defined here
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

编辑 vim scripts/dtc/dtc-lexer.lex.c，找到 ”YYLTYPE yylloc;“ 加上 extern："extern YYLTYPE yylloc;" 即可

部署

bootloader 加载内核优先顺序：

config.txt 中的 kernel = xxxx
kernel8.img kernel8-32.img (armv8-aarch64, armv8-aarch32)
kernel7.img (armv7)
kernel.img (old version)

[编辑] 5 Pinout

[编辑] 5.1 Model A and B

[编辑] 5.2 Models A+, B+, PI 2 B, PI 3 B

[编辑] 6 Serial

[编辑] 6.1 Enable

/boot/cmdline.txt
 "console=serial0,115200" 

/boot/config.txt
enable_uart=1

[编辑] 6.2 Disable

 Remove  "console=serial0,115200"  from /boot/cmdline.txt

If you want to use the uart as IO device, add "enable_uart=1" into /boot/config.txt

Or you can do it by run "sudo raspi-config" , enter "Advanced Options" and then enter "Serial" ....

[编辑] 6.3 Connections

RASP_TXD --- HEX_TX
RASP_RXD --- HEX_RX

[编辑] 7 GPIO Control

https://makezine.com/projects/tutorial-raspberry-pi-gpio-pins-and-python/

树莓派的GPIO控制

WebIOPi WebIOPi

树莓派实现web控制GPIO教程

[编辑] 8 Timezone

$ cat /etc/timezone
Etc/UTC
$ sudo echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone

add following into /etc/profile:

TZ=Asia/Shanghai
export TZ

 $ sudo reboot

[编辑] 9 Static IP

add following into /etc/dhcpcd.conf:

interface eth0
static ip_address=192.168.1.45/24
static routers=192.168.1.1
static domain_name_servers=192.168.1.1

[编辑] 10 ESP8266/ESP8089

Note that the CH_PD signal is connected to the ID_SD signal. This must be mapped as a GPIO (GPIO0) and switched to an output and driven low then switched to an input again before the driver is loaded in order to reset the module. This will be added in the near future in the driver.

https://github.com/al177/esp8089

https://hackaday.io/project/8678/instructions?page=1

[编辑] 11 WiFi access-point

 $ sudo apt-get install hostapd dnsmasq

[编辑] 12 WiFi

“Wlan0: Not associated”报错解决：

如下命令 OK，则网卡驱动 OK：

$ ifconfig wlan0
$ ifconfig wlan0 up
$ iwlist wlan0 scan | grep SSID

只需修改网络配置即可，增加一条网络凭条：

$ wpa_passphrase  YOUR_ssid YOUR_password >> /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

network={
        ssid="ssid"
        #psk="password"
        psk=44116ea881531996d8a23af58b376d70f196057429c258f529577a26e727ec1b
}

要使配置生效，则需要重启 wpa_supplicant:

<source lang=bash>
$ killall wpa_supplicant 
$ wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf 

或者：

$ sudo ifup wlan0

开机无法自动连 WiFi 则确认 /etc/network/interfaces 和 /etc/dhcpcd.conf:

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
  wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

和 /etc/dhcpcd.conf:

interface wlan0
static routers=192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
static domain_name_servers=192.168.1.1

[编辑] 13 Bluetooth

 $ sudo apt-get install bluetooth bluez
 $ sudo apt-get install python-bluez

[编辑] 14 2G/3G/4G

 $ sudo apt-get install python-gammu gammu wvdial

[编辑] 15 GPS

 $ sudo apt-get install gpsd gpsd-clients

[编辑] 16 Qemu

$ sudo apt install qemu qemu-system-arm
$

Using Qemu to custom system

Fetch disk image from: http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads
Get kernel img and versatile-pb.dtb from: https://github.com/dhruvvyas90/qemu-rpi-kernel
Run the Qemu 1st:

$ sudo apt-get install qemu
$ qemu-system-arm -cpu'?' | grep arm1176
$ qemu-system-arm -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb \
  -kernel ./kernel-qemu-4.14.79-stretch \
  -dtb ./versatile-pb.dtb \
  -hda ./2018-11-13-raspbian-stretch-lite.img \
  -append 'root=/dev/sda2 panic=1  init=/bin/bash' \
  -no-reboot -serial stdio

  -net nic \
  -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5022-:22 \

Edit the /etc/ld.so.preload, remove the 1st line:

 #/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcofi_rpi.so

QEMU 模拟器上磁盘是认作 /dev/sda , 但是实机上是 /dev/mmcblk0 所以要设定对应的符号链接，创建 /etc/udev/rules.d/90-qemu.rules 并追加以下记录：

KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="mmcblk0"
KERNEL=="sda?", SYMLINK+="mmcblk0p%n"
KERNEL=="sda2", SYMLINK+="root"

Then re-run the Qemu:

$ sudo apt-get install qemu
$ qemu-system-arm -cpu'?' | grep arm1176
$ qemu-system-arm -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb \
  -kernel ./kernel-qemu-4.14.79-stretch \
  -dtb ./versatile-pb.dtb \
  -hda ./2018-11-13-raspbian-stretch-lite.img \
  -append 'root=/dev/sda2 panic=1' \
  -no-reboot -serial stdio

[编辑] 17 Image

[编辑] 17.1 Raspberry PI 3B

Raspbian-4.1
raspberrypi-jessie-WAZIUP-demo.dmg.zip
2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch-lite.zip

[编辑] 17.2 Raspberry Model A/B

raspberrypi-jessie-WAZIUP-demo.dmg.zip (HomeAssist)

[编辑] 17.3 Notes

Write image into SD card

$ sudo dd bs=1m if=2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch-lite.img of=/dev/rdisk2 conv=sync

Make SD card into a img file

$ dd if=/dev/mmc0 | gzip -9 > sd-all.img.gz
$ gzip -dc /tmp/sd-all.img.gz | sudo dd of=/dev/mmc0

Mount the img

sudo apt-get install dosfstools dump parted kpartx
sudo losetup /dev/loop0 2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch-lite.img
mkdir -p /mnt/a/boot/
mkdir -p /mnt/a/root/
sudo kpartx -av /dev/loop0 
boot="/dev/mapper/loop0p6"
root="/dev/mapper/loop0p7"
sudo mount $boot /mnt/a/boot/
sudo mount $root /mnt/a/root/

sudo kpartx -d /dev/loop0
sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0

[编辑] 17.4 Backup the System into img

#!/bin/sh
sudo apt-get install -y dosfstools parted kpartx rsync

df=`df -P | grep /dev/root | awk '{print $3}'`
dr=`df -P | grep /dev/mmcblk0p1 | awk '{print $2}'`
df=`echo $df $dr |awk '{print int(($1+$2)*1.2)}'`

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=raspberrypi.img bs=1K count=$df

sudo parted raspberrypi.img --script -- mklabel msdos

start=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0| awk 'NR==10 {print $2}'`
start=`echo $start's'`
end=`sudo fdisk -l /dev/mmcblk0| awk 'NR==10 {print $3}'`
end2=$[end+1]
end=`echo $end's'`
end2=`echo $end2's'`

sudo parted raspberrypi.img --script -- mkpart primary fat32 $start $end
sudo parted raspberrypi.img --script -- mkpart primary ext4 $end2 -1

loopdevice=`sudo losetup -f --show raspberrypi.img`
device=`sudo kpartx -va $loopdevice | sed -E 's/.*(loop[0-9])p.*/\1/g' | head -1`
device="/dev/mapper/${device}"
partBoot="${device}p1"
partRoot="${device}p2"
sudo mkfs.vfat $partBoot
sudo mkfs.ext4 $partRoot
sudo mount -t vfat $partBoot /media
sudo cp -rfp /boot/* /media/
sudo umount /media
sudo mount -t ext4 $partRoot /media/
cd /media
sudo rsync -aP --exclude="raspberrypi.img" --exclude=/media/* --exclude=/sys/* --exclude=/proc/*  --exclude=/tmp/* / ./

# replace PARTUUID
opartuuidb=`blkid -o export /dev/mmcblk0p1 | grep PARTUUID`
opartuuidr=`blkid -o export /dev/mmcblk0p2 | grep PARTUUID`
npartuuidb=`blkid -o export ${device}p1 | grep PARTUUID`
npartuuidr=`blkid -o export ${device}p2 | grep PARTUUID`
echo "BOOT uuid old=$opartuuidb -> new=$npartuuidb"
echo "ROOT uuid old=$opartuuidr -> new=$npartuuidr"
sudo sed -i "s/$opartuuidr/$npartuuidr/g" $dst_boot_path/cmdline.txt
sudo sed -i "s/$opartuuidb/$npartuuidb/g" $dst_root_path/etc/fstab
sudo sed -i "s/$opartuuidr/$npartuuidr/g" $dst_root_path/etc/fstab

cd
sudo umount /media
sudo kpartx -d $loopdevice
sudo losetup -d $loopdevice

[编辑] 18 config.txt

[编辑] 19 Offical 7' touchscreen

https://maker-tutorials.com/en/official-raspberry-pi-7-touch-screen-lcd-display-assembly-guide-install-and-tips/

[编辑] 20 Chromium Fullscreen

 /usr/bin/chromium-browser --profile-directory=Default --app-id=dbnedbfkgoaehilakknipiknpolnbapd --start-fullscreen