航天器上的处理器
来自Jack's Lab
目录 |
1 概述
空间环境对电子信号的最大威胁就是电离辐射,其能使本来是1的数字信号“翻转”变成0,反之亦然
因此航天处理器的主要性能指标就是抗辐射性、容错性,还有就是可靠、稳定
参考:南大西洋反常
2 SPARC
2.1 ERC32/LEON
ERC32 由欧洲航天局 (ESA) 设计,Temic(现被 Atmel 吞并)制造、销售。
有两个版本:
- 一个是ERC32 Chip Set,其由定点(TSC691E)、浮点(TSC692E) 和 Memory Controller (TSC693E) 三个芯片组成。现在 Atmel 已经不再生产,亦不再提供支持。
- 另一个是 ERC32 Single Chip (TSC695),定点、浮点和 Memory Controller 都做到一个芯片内。
其皆实现 SPARC V7 的指令集
后 ESA 重新设计了 ERC32,且将 VHDL 代码开源,实现了先后实现了多个个版本: LEON (SPARC V7),LEON2 (SPARC V8) 和最新的 LEON3 (SPARC V8)。
下图是 LEON2 的容错 (Fault Tolerant) 版本 -- LEON2FT:
嫦娥一号上主要的两台计算机即使用 ERC32(TSC695F)
参考:
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERC32
- http://www.esa.int/TEC/Microelectronics/
- http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/devices.asp?family_id=641#1478
- http://www.gaisler.com/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=4&Itemid=33
2.2 EH32
3 MIPS
3.1 Mongoose-V
- Feature
Radiation hardened 10~15 MHz version of the MIPS R3000 Developed by Synova, Inc.
- Applications
- NASA's Earth Observer 1 (EO-1) satellite (launched in Nov. 2000) --- Main flight computer
- NASA's Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP), (launched in June 2001) --- Main flight computer similar to that on EO-1.
- NASA's three microsatellites of Space Technology 5 (ST5) (launched in Mar. 2006) --- Onboard flight computer (the Command & Data Handling system)
- NASA's New Horizons spacecraft --- Two computer system, the Command and Data Handling system and the Guidance and Control processor. Each of the two systems is duplicated for redundancy, giving a total of four computers.
- Reference
- [1] Speer, D. and G. Jackson and D. Raphael, "Flight Computer Design for the Space Technology 5 (ST-5) Mission," Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT, March 2002.
- [3] http://www.synova.com/proc/mg5.html
- [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoose-V
- [5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Horizons#Flight_computer
3.2 RH32
- Feature
Radiation hardened, fault tolerance Based on MIPS R3000 Manufactured by Honeywell
- Applications
- Reference
- [1] Hwang, A.S, "Radiation hardened 32-bit RISC microprocessor" Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 2000 IEEE, Big Sky, MT, 2000
- [2] http://www.honeywell.com/sites/aero/Data-Processing.htm
4 PowerPC
4.1 RHPPC
- Feature
Radiation hardened Based on PowerPC 603e, compatible with the PowerPC architecture (Book I-III) 190MIPS @ 100MHz 25 ~ 50 MHz 60xbus (SYSCLK) Superscalar, Out-of-order, 5 units (include a float point unit) Manufactured by Honeywell
- Applications
- Reference
4.2 RAD600
4.3 RAD750
5 C51
MIL-STD-1750A
6 参考文献
- 基于LEON3的高可靠体系结构设计关键技术研究,2006
- 航天高可靠处理器容错设计与实现,2007